Oct/Nov 2016

This question concerns the Pakistan Movement from 1927 to 1937.

Mineral resources

Who exactly was Nana Sahib?

Natural topography

Describe what took place at Lucknow in 1916.

Forests

What was meant by the June 3 Plan?

Fish

Describe how General Pervez Musharraf rose to power in 1999.

Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif and Musharraf 1988–99

Fig. 1 presents the pattern of mean monthly rainfall in Karachi. The vertical axis carries the label 'mean monthly rainfall (mm)', while the horizontal axis lists the months as J, F, M, A, M, J, J, A, S, O, N, D. Fig. 2 is a map of Pakistan showing several forest types. Its key is headed 'Types of forest' and uses four different symbols: solid dark shading, horizontal stripes, a dot pattern, and light shading. The map also includes an international boundary and a disputed boundary, together with a north arrow and a scale bar marked 0-300 km. Photographs A and B(Insert) show sections of the lower Indus valley. Two opinions about tourism prospects in Sindh province are given: View A says: 'Hotels and tourist resorts should be built along the Sindh coast so that foreign exchange is earned and the economy is strengthened.' View B says: 'The coastal region of Sindh is unable to cope with large numbers of tourists. Tourism might also lead to harmful effects.'

Climate

Fig. 3 shows a map of Pakistan with the places where three different non-metallic minerals are extracted. The key includes the international boundary, provincial boundary and disputed boundary. A north arrow and a scale bar marked 0-250 km are included. The minerals have to be selected from this list: gypsum, limestone, rocksalt. Photograph C (Insert) depicts a kind of livestock. An article says: 'Pakistan makes many products that could be sold abroad in larger amounts. However, exports stay low for a range of reasons: in 2013 the value of exports was only 13% of GDP.' Two opinions about chemical fertilisers are given: View A states: 'Pakistan ought to produce more of its own chemical fertilisers so that less has to be imported.' View B states: 'Pakistan should use chemical fertilisers less and cut imports by turning to natural substitutes.'

Mineral resources

Fig. 4 shows a diagram of a coal mine. Fig. 5 presents a graph that gives data on the different non-renewable fuels used to generate electricity in Pakistan from 2006-11. The vertical axis is marked 'terawatt-hours (TWh)'. The key includes gas, oil, nuclear and coal. An article headed 'Energy crisis' says: 'Industrial growth in Pakistan relies on the availability of energy. Pakistan does not produce enough energy for its needs and therefore spends a lot of its earnings on expensive imports of fuels.'

Non-renewables

Fig. 6 shows a graph of raw cotton production in Pakistan from 1982-2014. The vertical axis is labelled 'raw cotton (million bales)'. Fig. 7 shows a table giving agricultural information for Pakistan over 1950-2010. Two opinions about land use are presented: View A states: 'Pakistan should devote more of its land to cash crops in order to produce export earnings.' View B states: 'A larger area of land should be used to grow crops that will feed Pakistan's expanding population.'

Factors affecting production

Fig. 8 shows a bar chart presenting information on infrastructure expenditure in Pakistan for 2014-15. The horizontal axis is marked 'Rs billion'. The key identifies project categories as: Ongoing, New - Wapda, New - Karachi-Lahore motorway, and New - other. The funding sources displayed are Government, Private corporations and Foreign assistance.

Movements of population