Fig. 3 shows a map of Pakistan with the places where three different non-metallic minerals are extracted. The key includes the international boundary, provincial boundary and disputed boundary. A north arrow and a scale bar marked 0-250 km are included. The minerals have to be selected from this list: gypsum, limestone, rocksalt.
Photograph C (Insert) depicts a kind of livestock.
An article says: 'Pakistan makes many products that could be sold abroad in larger amounts. However, exports stay low for a range of reasons: in 2013 the value of exports was only 13% of GDP.'
Two opinions about chemical fertilisers are given:
View A states: 'Pakistan ought to produce more of its own chemical fertilisers so that less has to be imported.'
View B states: 'Pakistan should use chemical fertilisers less and cut imports by turning to natural substitutes.'
(a(i))[4]
Study Fig. 3. For any two sites, state the mineral extracted there and give one use for it. Write the answers in the spaces on Fig. 3.
(a(ii))[3]
Using Fig. 3 together with your own knowledge, suggest what difficulties there may be in moving minerals to export markets.
(b(i))[1]
Study Photograph C (Insert). Name the livestock type shown in the photograph.
(b(ii))[3]
How is this type of livestock beneficial to the farmer?
(b(iii))[2]
What environmental problems may result from keeping this type of livestock?
(c(i))[2]
Name two of Pakistan’s main exports.
(c(ii))[4]
Explain why Pakistan finds it difficult to sell more of its goods overseas.
(d)[6]
Read the two views about chemical fertilisers. Which view do you support more? Give reasons for your choice and explain why it matters to cut imports of chemical fertilisers.