Oct/Nov 2016

Which row correctly states the role of a cell structure and where it is found?

Cell structure and function

Which of these food substances raises the risk of obesity?

Diet

What direction do water molecules travel in the phloem and in the xylem of a plant stem?

Transpiration and translocation

The photomicrograph shows a part of a section through a root. The contents of cell X and the contents of cell Y are each tested using Benedict’s solution and iodine solution. Which results are expected?

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

Which gives the order of contractions in one heart beat?

Heart

The diagram illustrates the movement of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid. What might the numbered substances be?

Circulatory system

Two people completed a brief session of exercise on a treadmill. Both people ran on the treadmill for the same length of time and at the same speed. The graph displays the pulse rates of these two people before, while and after the exercise period. Which statement about the graph is correct?

Heart

Which products are formed during aerobic respiration in animals and plants?

Aerobic respiration

What is the approximate make-up of inspired air?

Human gas exchange

The diagram illustrates apparatus set up to investigate respiration. What change will be observed, and what is the explanation?

Respiration

The diagram illustrates the bones and muscles of the elbow joint. Which statement describes the type of muscle at X, and the action of the muscle as the arm is bent?

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

Which row gives the description of diffusion into a cell?

Diffusion and osmosis

What is one role of a part of the urinary system?

Urinary system

Which layer of the skin is chiefly responsible for insulating the human body?

Temperature control

The diagram illustrates part of the human brain. What are the numbered structures?

Mammalian nervous system

The diagram illustrates the lens’s curvature in a person’s eye. As the person observes two motorbikes passing at different speeds, the lens changes shape. In which time period was a motorbike travelling towards the person at the greater speed?

Mammalian sense organs

Nerve impulses in neurones may move: 1 away from the central nervous system, 2 towards the central nervous system, 3 inside the central nervous system. In what direction do impulses travel in sensory neurones and relay neurones?

Mammalian nervous system

What effects does consuming a large amount of alcohol have on the body?

Disease

A previously unknown organism is found. It has DNA within a cellular structure. Which group of organisms might it be part of, and which group could it not be part of?

Cell structure and function

The graph illustrates the mass of Penicillium grown in a fermenter and the mass of antibiotic made. At what time is Penicillium producing antibiotic at the fastest rate?

Antibiotics

The diagram presents a food chain. mahogany tree $\rightarrow$ caterpillar $\rightarrow$ songbird $\rightarrow$ hawk What substance is not recycled from the hawk back to the mahogany tree?

Energy flow

The diagram illustrates a pyramid of numbers. Which food chain does this pyramid of numbers represent?

Energy flow

The diagram shows equipment set up to study osmosis. Which molecules will pass through the partially permeable membrane, and what change will happen to the solution level?

Diffusion and osmosis

What processes are involved in the carbon cycle?

Nutrient cycles

How many times does a mosquito that is not infected need to feed on human blood in order to pass the malarial parasite through the human population?

Disease

Which of the following, after being disposed of, affects a river ecosystem for the briefest period of time?

Effects of humans on ecosystems

The diagram illustrates the formation of a pollen tube and its passage into the ovule. Which structure develops into the testa after fertilisation?

Sexual reproduction in plants

Small fragments of root tissue are removed from an oil palm tree and put into a nutrient medium. Each fragment develops into a new oil palm tree. Which type of reproduction is this, and how do the genotypes of the new trees compare with that of the parent tree?

Asexual and sexual reproduction

The diagram illustrates the human female reproductive system. At which point is a surgical method of contraception normally performed?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What is one benefit of human breast milk in comparison with bottle milk?

Immunity

Which process is employed to manufacture insulin on a commercial scale?

Genetic modification

The inheritance of the ABO blood groups is controlled by three alleles $I^A$, $I^B$ and $I^O$. Which genotypes could a person with blood group A have?

Inheritance

A cross is carried out between two heterozygous individuals. Some of the offspring exhibit the recessive characteristic. What is the probability that one offspring showing the recessive characteristic is homozygous?

Inheritance

The diagram shows an enzyme molecule. Which substances could act as substrates for this enzyme?

Enzyme action

The diagram shows a pair of chromosomes from the same cell. What are the lines labelled P indicating?

Nuclear division

By what pathways do carbon dioxide and water enter a leaf?

Leaf structure

When plants do not have enough magnesium, their leaves become yellow. This is because magnesium is required for

Mineral nutrition

The diagram depicts a green shoot photosynthesising beneath a glass jar. This served as the control experiment in a laboratory investigation. Which diagram shows the experiment carried out to investigate the need for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis

Which function is not performed by the liver?

Human digestive system

Which row indicates the substances mainly taken into capillaries and the substances mainly taken into lacteals, in the villi of the small intestine?

Absorption and assimilation

The diagram illustrates a plant cell. Which two structures are not present in animal cells?

Cell structure and function

Which chemical process does not take place in the liver?

Excretion

In what direction do water molecules travel in the phloem and in the xylem of a plant stem?

Transpiration and translocation

The photomicrograph shows a portion of a root section. The contents of cell X and the contents of cell Y are each tested using Benedict’s solution and iodine solution. Which outcomes are expected?

Biological molecules

The photograph shows a cross-section of an artery. Which labelled part would have the same thickness in a vein?

Blood vessels

In a muscle, which two substances undergo net movement from the plasma into the tissue fluid?

Circulatory system

The diagram illustrates the heart from the outside. The left coronary artery is obstructed at the point marked X. How would this blockage affect the heart first?

Heart

During a sprint race, athletes can experience sharp muscle pain because the respiring cells generate

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates several structures in the respiratory system. What are the labelled structures?

Human gas exchange

The diagram illustrates apparatus used to investigate respiration. Which alteration will be observed, and what explains it?

Aerobic respiration

The diagram shows a joint linking two bones in the human arm. Which description of the joint is correct?

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

The uptake rate of nitrate ions by a root hair cell was recorded at several different nitrate concentrations in the soil. At $X$, the nitrate concentration in the soil is equal to that inside the cell. Which graph shows how the absorption rate changes as the nitrate concentration in the soil increases?

Uptake and transport of water and ions

Which row identifies the parts of the urinary system responsible for different functions?

Urinary system

On a hot day, how does the skin respond in order to reduce the body’s internal temperature?

Temperature control

The eye shifts focus from viewing a wristwatch to viewing an aeroplane in the sky. What changes take place inside the eye?

Mammalian sense organs

An individual is seated in a dim room. After five seconds, a lamp is switched on. Five seconds later, the lamp is switched off once more. Which graph shows the changes in the diameters of their pupils?

Mammalian sense organs

Nerve impulses in neurones can pass 1 from the central nervous system 2 to the central nervous system 3 inside the central nervous system In what direction do impulses move in sensory neurones and relay neurones?

Mammalian nervous system

Which one of these is an antibiotic?

Antibiotics

A newly found organism is discovered. It has DNA within a cellular structure. Which group of organisms might it belong to, and which group of organisms could it not belong to?

Concept and use of a classification system

The diagram illustrates an industrial fermenter. Why is sterile air necessary for the microorganisms inside the fermenter?

Biotechnology

Which statement correctly describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

Energy flow

The diagram illustrates a pyramid of biomass. What percentage of biomass is transferred from the primary consumer to the secondary consumer?

Energy flow

The diagram shows apparatus set up to investigate osmosis. Which molecules will pass through the partially permeable membrane, and what change will happen to the solution level?

Diffusion and osmosis

During which process is atmospheric nitrogen taken up in root nodules and joined with other compounds?

Nutrient cycles

How many feeds on human blood must an uninfected mosquito make before it can pass the malarial parasite on to the human population?

Disease

For what reason does the oxygen concentration in a river fall after sewage is discharged into it?

Effects of humans on ecosystems

The diagram illustrates the development of a pollen tube and its entry into the ovule. Which structure develops into the testa after fertilisation?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram shows a broad bean seedling. Structure X developed from which part of the seed?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram illustrates a section of the male reproductive and urinary systems. What is X?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What functions do the amniotic sac and the amniotic fluid perform?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What process is used to manufacture insulin commercially?

Genetic modification

Inheritance of the ABO blood groups is controlled by three alleles $I^{A}$, $I^{B}$ and $I^{O}$. What are the possible genotypes of a person with blood group A?

Inheritance

Two heterozygous individuals are crossed. A number of the offspring display the recessive characteristic. What is the probability that one of the offspring showing the recessive characteristic is homozygous?

Inheritance

Starch digestion takes place in the mouth cavity and in the duodenum, but it does not continue in the stomach. Why does this happen?

Human digestive system

The diagram shows two chromosomes from one cell. What are the lines labelled P pointing at?

Nuclear division

One tissue in a leaf was described as ‘loosely packed cells with a film of moisture on their surface that dissolves gases so the gases can diffuse into the cells’. Which tissue is being described here?

Leaf structure

A plant that is still growing is watered at regular intervals with a solution. The solution’s composition is then altered, after which the plant’s leaves turn yellow. How can this problem be corrected?

Mineral nutrition

The diagram depicts a green shoot photosynthesising beneath a glass jar. This acted as the control experiment in a laboratory investigation. Which diagram shows the experiment set up to investigate the need for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates the alimentary canal and some of the organs linked to it. Which row indicates the place where amylase is secreted?

Human digestive system

The diagram illustrates a section of the wall of the small intestine. Into which structure are most lipid components taken up for transport to the rest of the body?

Absorption and assimilation

Fig. 1.1 displays a student-made model used to represent the human breathing system.

Human gas exchange

Fig. 2.1 presents enlarged pollen grains from two plant species, A and B.

Sexual reproduction in plants

Fig. 3.1a shows the human skeleton in diagram form. Fig. 3.1b is an X-ray showing injury to one part of a person’s skeleton.

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

Table 4.1a gives some of the recommended dietary allowances for a child younger than six months, and Table 4.1b gives part of the make-up of bottle milk that may be given to a child younger than six months.

Diet

Fill in the paragraph below by choosing the most suitable word for each gap. A [BLANK] is made up of one long DNA molecule that is divided into sections called genes. Genes may be copied and passed to the next generation. Each gene may have two or more alternative forms called [BLANK]. One of these forms may be [BLANK] and the other recessive. A change in the structure of a gene or in the number of chromosomes is called a [BLANK]. Chemicals and [BLANK] may increase the rate at which these changes occur.

Inheritance

Syphilis is a disease that can spread from person to person.

Disease

Define what is meant by the term hormone.

Blood glucose control

Describe the double circulation of blood in the human circulatory system and the separate functions of the two circuits.

Circulatory system

Discuss reasons why species should be conserved in relation to the management of fisheries.

Conservation

Two distinct strains, A and B, from the same microorganism species are used to make bread and beer (an alcoholic drink). Fig. 1.1 shows the amount of gas given off by the strains while they are in use.

Anaerobic respiration

Fig. 2.1 depicts part of the flowering head of a small tree that grows in tropical rainforests.

Photosynthesis

Table 3.1 presents the percentage of smokers in one country together with the number of lung cancer deaths in that same country from 1920 to 2010.

Disease

Fig. 4.1 shows a cross-section through a heart linked to a device called an LV Assist Device.

Heart

Sweet clover is a plant from the pea and bean family (leguminous plants) that grows among grass in fields that are used as cattle feed.

Mineral nutrition

As a person grows older, the eye’s lens becomes less elastic.

Mammalian sense organs

Describe and explain the benefits to a person of the bodily changes that occur during physical activity such as a 400 m running race.

Anaerobic respiration

Describe how ion absorption in plants compares with glucose uptake in humans.

Active transport

Describe how the mosquito helps disease to spread.

Disease