Feb/March 2019

A living organism, X, is able to make its own food, remove toxic substances and detect and respond to stimuli. What are the other four life processes that organism X must perform in order to remain alive?

Characteristics of living organisms

The diagram illustrates the effect of an enzyme acting in the human digestive system. An enzyme breaks protein down into amino acids at $\text{pH } 1.5$ and a temperature of $37\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. Which change would decrease the rate at which amino acids are produced?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates an experiment used to study photosynthesis. Which gas is present in the greatest amount at the top of the tube when the experiment has finished?

Photosynthesis

DCPIP can be used to test for vitamin C in food. Lemon juice contains vitamin C. What is observed when lemon juice is tested?

Biological molecules

What does the term chemical digestion mean?

Chemical digestion

The diagram presents a transverse section of a plant stem. What functions are performed by the two labelled tissues?

Xylem and phloem

A leafy shoot is put into a solution containing a red dye. After 30 minutes, which region of a leaf taken from this shoot would have the red dye in it?

Xylem and phloem

The diagrams illustrate the stages in water transport through a plant. Which arrow indicates water moving as water vapour?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates part of the heart. What function does the structure labelled Q perform?

Heart

The body has several kinds of defence against pathogens. Which defences stop pathogens from reaching the alveoli when air is breathed in?

Diseases and immunity

Approximately what percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide are present in inspired air?

Gas exchange in humans

What is the correct method for naming a species by using the binomial system?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The flow diagram gives a summary of three separate pathways by which glucose can be broken down to release energy. Which of these pathways involve enzymes acting?

Respiration

Which of these would raise the volume of urine produced by a human?

Excretion in humans

Which structure regulates how much light enters the eye?

Sense organs

Which hormone does the pancreas secrete?

Hormones

In what organ is alcohol metabolised?

Excretion in humans

Some infections may be treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics are used against infections caused by

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates a strawberry plant. Which labelled part of the plant can be produced only by asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction

What condition must always be present for seeds to germinate?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What is one possible sequence of events in labour and birth?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram displays a woman’s body temperature over the course of a menstrual cycle. Checking body temperature is one natural way of preventing conception. At which stage of the menstrual cycle should sexual intercourse be avoided in order to reduce the chance of pregnancy?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram illustrates a pea pod, which counts as a fruit. Apply the key to identify the fruit. 1 sepals drop off immediately after the flower is fertilised \;\;\; go to 2 sepals do not drop off immediately after the flower is fertilised \;\;\; go to 3 2 pod has fewer than four seeds \;\;\; A pod has more than four seeds \;\;\; B 3 fruit breaks open to release several seeds \;\;\; C fruit breaks open to release only one seed \;\;\; D

Concept and uses of classification systems

What is the term for a length of DNA that codes for a protein?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which cells in the human body are generated through meiosis?

Meiosis

Which human characteristic provides an example of discontinuous variation?

Variation

An adaptive feature of an organism is one that enables the organism to

Adaptive features

What is the main source of energy entering biological systems?

Energy flow

Which process is it when water drops from clouds to the ground?

Nutrient cycles

In a biological washing powder, which enzyme assists in removing fatty stains?

Enzymes

Corn is a crop plant species. Glow-worms are organisms that emit light. Which process could be used with these two species to produce corn plants that glow?

Genetic modification

What is used to cut down competition from weeds when crops are being grown?

Food supply

The food web illustrates the feeding links in a woodland area. If every chaffinch in the food web were to die, what effect would this produce?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram shows two cells. Which process can be performed by only one of the cells shown?

Photosynthesis

Give one example of a non-renewable resource.

Conservation

The diagram illustrates a palisade mesophyll cell taken from a green leaf. In which labelled structure does photosynthesis take place, and where are chromosomes located?

Cell structure

The image shows a transverse section through a root. The root hair and the xylem are both parts of the same

Water uptake

The diagram is of a fly. Line XY shows the wing length. The length of XY is $26\,\text{mm}$. The actual length of the wing between X and Y is $4\,\text{mm}$. Determine the magnification of the image.

Size of specimens

A frog is an animal. The skin of a frog is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide. While a frog is swimming in pond water, what will the net directions of diffusion be for oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Diffusion

Which process involves only the movement of water through a cell’s partially permeable membrane?

Osmosis

A living organism, X, is able to produce its own food, remove toxic substances and detect and respond to stimuli. Which four other processes must organism X perform in order to remain alive?

Characteristics of living organisms

The diagram illustrates the effect of an enzyme functioning in the human digestive system. An enzyme at $\text{pH }1.5$ and temperature $37^\circ\text{C}$ converts protein into amino acids. What would lower the rate of amino acid production?

Enzymes

The diagrams show molecules taking part in the action of a digestive enzyme, such as maltase. Which molecule is the substrate?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates an experiment used to investigate photosynthesis. At the end of the experiment, which gas is present in the greatest amount at the top of the tube?

Photosynthesis

What effect will be seen in a green plant grown in soil lacking nitrate ions?

Biological molecules

What is the meaning of chemical digestion?

Chemical digestion

The graph illustrates the concentration of maltose in various regions of the alimentary canal. What is responsible for the change in concentration at $X$?

Chemical digestion

The diagram presents a cross section of a plant stem. What functions do the two labelled tissues perform?

Xylem and phloem

A leafy shoot is put into a solution containing a red dye. After $30$ minutes, which region of a leaf from this shoot will have the red dye in it?

Xylem and phloem

The diagram shows a cross-section of a fish heart and the direction in which blood flows. Once it leaves the heart, where does the blood travel to next?

Circulatory systems

The graph illustrates the pressure changes occurring in the right atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle of a human heart as the muscle walls contract and relax. What is the pressure in the right ventricle when the left ventricle reaches its maximum pressure?

Heart

What is one correct method of naming a species with the binomial system?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The body has several different defences against pathogens. 1 antibodies 2 hairs in the nose 3 mucus 4 skin Which defences stop pathogens from reaching the alveoli during inhalation?

Diseases and immunity

What are the approximate percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide present in inhaled air?

Gas exchange in humans

The flow diagram sets out three separate pathways by which glucose can be broken down to release energy. Which of these pathways involve the action of enzymes?

Respiration

The graph illustrates the lactic acid concentration in blood during and after exercise. Which process explains the shape of the graph at Z?

Aerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates the arrangement of a kidney tubule. At which point does filtration take place?

Excretion in humans

The diagram shows a cross-section of part of the human eye. What happens when a person looks at an object that is far from their eye?

Sense organs

Which statement concerning adrenaline is correct?

Hormones

The diagram illustrates an experiment using oat seedlings. Every seedling receives light from overhead. Which seedling will grow towards the left?

Tropic responses

What kind of organism is MRSA?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which term is used for the nuclei in human reproduction?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The illustration shows a magnified human liver cell. Identify structure X.

Cell structure

The graph illustrates a hormone that plays a part in controlling the menstrual cycle. What is the hormone?

Sex hormones in humans

What occurs as a result of mitosis?

Mitosis

Which pair of parents could have offspring with blood group O?

Monohybrid inheritance

The appearance of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics is an example of

Selection

What is the correct meaning of a gene mutation?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

In a food chain, energy passes through from one organism to the next. In what form does the energy initially enter the food chain?

Food chains and food webs

Which organisms cause nitrate ions to be removed from the soil?

Nutrient cycles

Why are bacteria useful in genetic engineering? Give all the reasons.

Genetic modification

Which statement explains the function of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

Genetic modification

What must be present at all times for seeds to germinate?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram illustrates two cells. Which process is able to take place in just one of these cells?

Photosynthesis

Which option gives the correct order of events in the eutrophication of a river or lake?

Pollution

The photograph presents a cross-section through a root. The root hair and the xylem are components of the same

Xylem and phloem

The diagram illustrates a fly. Line XY shows the wing length. The length of line XY is $26\,\text{mm}$. The actual size of the wing between XY is $4\,\text{mm}$. What is the magnification of the image?

Size of specimens

A frog is an animal. A frog's skin is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide. While a frog is swimming in pond water, what will the net diffusion directions of oxygen and carbon dioxide be?

Diffusion

Which process involves only the movement of water across the partially permeable membrane of a cell?

Osmosis

Which of the following statements about biological molecules is correct?

Biological molecules

A balanced diet includes seven separate groups of substances. Among these are fats, fibre (roughage) and vitamins.

Diet

Define what is meant by the term drug.

Drugs

Complete the sentences about aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration because [BLANK] is not required to break down glucose molecules. The amount of [BLANK] released from each glucose molecule is much lower in anaerobic respiration. In humans, anaerobic respiration occurs in [BLANK] cells during strenuous exercise. It produces [BLANK] from glucose. Another type of anaerobic respiration occurs in yeast cells. In this case, glucose is broken down into alcohol and [BLANK].

Anaerobic respiration

Complete Fig. 3.2 by drawing the pupil to show the effect of a bright light shining into the eye.

Coordination and response

Modern technology has led to a rise in food production.

Food supply

State one adaptive feature possessed by an egg cell and one adaptive feature possessed by a sperm.

Sexual reproduction in humans

On Fig. 6.1, draw a line from the X to indicate the route that this water molecule takes as it enters the tissue that transports it to the leaves.

Water uptake

Three arteries are labelled on Fig. 7.1. State the names of two other kinds of blood vessel.

Blood vessels

Table 8.1 shows several processes that living organisms carry out.

Characteristics of living organisms

The body contains defences that protect it from pathogens.

Diseases and immunity

The kidney is among the body’s main excretory organs.

Excretion in humans

Fig. 2.1 depicts several flowers on a snapdragon plant, Antirrhinum majus. Snapdragons are insect-pollinated plants.

Monohybrid inheritance

Reflexes are basic responses that help protect the body.

Drugs

Pollution means damage to the environment caused by substances released through human activities.

Pollution

Scientists examined how cuticle thickness affected water loss from the leaves of balsam fir, Abies balsamea. The leaves were sorted into three sets: A - thick cuticle, B - medium cuticle, C - thin cuticle. Samples from each set were weighed. The leaves were then left on a tray in dry air at 20 ^{\circ}C. At intervals over 15 hours, the samples were weighed again. The scientists worked out the mass of each sample as a percentage of its initial mass. Fig. 5.1 presents the findings.

Transpiration

Fig. 6.1 shows a diagram of the virus responsible for measles.

Diseases and immunity