Oct/Nov 2017

The diagram illustrates cells in the epidermis of a leaf. To finish the diagram, which structures need to be added to cells P and Q?

Leaf structure

After food is eaten, the pH in the mouth falls. Which statement explains this fall?

Human digestive system

Under which conditions does a plant transpire at the fastest rate?

Transpiration and translocation

The diagram shows a cut plant shoot placed in a container of water. What will prevent water from moving up this stem?

Transpiration and translocation

The graph illustrates how the blood pressure in the heart's left ventricle changes. In which time interval is the left atrium contracting?

Heart

How do the following activities affect pulse rate, compared with resting pulse rate?

Heart

The diagram illustrates capillaries and the direction in which materials move. What occurs at points 1 and 2?

Blood vessels

When there is a shortage of which substance does anaerobic respiration occur?

Anaerobic respiration

Which structure has a lining of cilia?

Human gas exchange

Which row indicates the condition of the muscles during the deepest possible exhalation?

Human gas exchange

Some men may develop an enlarged prostate gland. How could this affect urination?

Urinary system

Which transport of a substance in plants needs energy?

Active transport

What aids the retention of heat in the human body?

Temperature control

The diagram illustrates the brain in vertical section. Which part is the hypothalamus?

Mammalian nervous system

Which statements refer to the pupil reflex in bright light?

Mammalian sense organs

In which locations are receptors found?

Mammalian sense organs

Which structure has muscles that are not arranged as antagonistic pairs?

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

If a mother smokes while pregnant, the oxygen supply reaching the fetus is lowered. Which row shows how components of tobacco smoke bring about this effect?

Blood

In what way do bacteria turn milk into yoghurt?

Anaerobic respiration

Two containers, X and Y, were each filled with the same amount of dough mixture for bread making. Yeast was added to the mixture in Y. The containers were then placed in a warm place for two hours. The diagram shows how they looked after this period. Which substance made by the yeast is responsible for the difference between containers X and Y?

Anaerobic respiration

Which statement explains interactions within ecosystems?

Ecosystems and biodiversity

The diagram represents a food chain: grass $\rightarrow$ rabbit $\rightarrow$ fox $\rightarrow$ flea. Which pyramid of numbers corresponds to this food chain?

Energy flow

The diagram indicates the direction in which water moves from one cell to another in a plant root. Which cell has the greater water potential, and in what direction does the water move?

Diffusion and osmosis

In a fish tank, bacteria convert animal waste into forms that plants can use. The diagram illustrates some of the stages in this process. What are compounds 1, 2 and 3?

Nutrient cycles

Three statements about malarial parasites are given. Which methods may be used to control malaria?

Disease

Which option gives an example of direct action used to maintain biodiversity?

Conservation

The diagram displays the components of a flower. On which part must pollen land in order to pollinate the flower?

Sexual reproduction in plants

During seed germination, which structure emerges first above the surface of the soil?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram illustrates a fetus inside the uterus. In which region is the oxygen concentration greatest?

Circulatory system

In 2005, an estimated 2.3 million people worldwide died from HIV-related causes. In 2011, the estimated number of HIV-related deaths worldwide was 1.7 million. What is not a possible explanation for this trend?

Disease

A gene is a hereditary unit that controls the synthesis of

Inheritance

The gene responsible for insulin production can be isolated from human pancreatic cells and inserted into the genetic material of a harmless bacterium. What would be the next step in using this method to treat diabetes?

Genetic modification

Earlobes may be joined to the cheek or ‘free’ (unattached). A single gene determines this feature. The allele for attached earlobes is recessive. The diagram illustrates how earlobe attachment is inherited in one family. Which two individuals have to be heterozygous for earlobe attachment?

Inheritance

In the lock and key hypothesis, what acts as the lock and what acts as the key for the enzyme lipase?

Enzyme action

The table gives the genotypes and phenotypes for hair colour in a family, although one phenotype has been recorded wrongly. Which family member has the wrong phenotype?

Inheritance

Which plant characteristic results from a lack of magnesium?

Mineral nutrition

At what point is carbon dioxide taken up, and at what point is it given out, by an ecosystem such as a tropical rainforest?

Nutrient cycles

Which term is used to describe the upper cuticle of a leaf?

Leaf structure

What is necessary for a baby’s teeth to grow healthily?

Diet

The diagram displays a section of the alimentary canal and the organs linked to it. Which part would have high concentrations of glucose and amino acids four hours after a meal?

Absorption and assimilation

The diagram illustrates cells from the epidermis of a leaf. To complete the diagram, which structural features need to be added to cells P and Q?

Leaf structure

Following a meal, the pH in the mouth falls. Which statement best explains this fall?

Anaerobic respiration

Which statements about root hairs are correct?

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

The diagram shows a cross-section of a plant stem. Which process causes substances to move through region Z?

Transpiration and translocation

The graph illustrates how the blood pressure in the left ventricle of the heart changes. In which period is the left atrium contracting?

Heart

The diagram displays cross-sections of two blood vessels, P and Q. What types of blood vessel are these?

Blood vessels

The diagram illustrates a section of capillary. Which arrow shows where tissue fluid forms?

Blood vessels

Which of the following is not a characteristic of alveoli?

Human gas exchange

Which structures contract so that we exhale forcefully during a sneeze?

Human gas exchange

The diagram illustrates the human gas exchange system. What are the labelled structures?

Human gas exchange

The diagram illustrates a simplified dialysis machine. How do the urea concentrations in the blood and dialysis fluid alter as they move through the apparatus?

Urinary system

Through which process does water vapour leave a leaf?

Transpiration and translocation

What assists the human body in retaining heat?

Temperature control

The diagram shows a cross-section of the human brain. Which structure is the cerebellum?

Mammalian nervous system

A person is reading a book in low light. Which row shows the condition of the eye muscles?

Mammalian sense organs

Which chemical made by the body changes the activity of a target organ and is broken down by the liver?

Mammalian hormones

Which statement correctly describes the ulna?

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

Which of these structures would be the first one to receive nicotine that has been absorbed into the blood from tobacco smoke?

Heart

A number of features of microorganisms are given below. 1 can be killed by antibiotics 2 cell wall composed of chitin 3 genetic material consists of DNA or RNA 4 have hyphae 5 produce spores 6 may possess flagella 7 contain a protein coat 8 secrete enzymes to break down food 9 multiply within a host cell Which row correctly matches the features of bacteria, fungi and viruses?

Features of organisms

Containers X and Y each contained the same amount of dough mixture for bread-making. Yeast was added to the mixture in Y. Both containers were then kept in a warm place for two hours. The diagram shows what they looked like after this time. Which substance made by the yeast is responsible for the difference between containers X and Y?

Anaerobic respiration

Which statement gives a description of relationships in ecosystems?

Ecosystems and biodiversity

The diagram illustrates a food chain. grass $\rightarrow$ rabbit $\rightarrow$ fox $\rightarrow$ flea Which pyramid of numbers corresponds to this food chain?

Energy flow

A student uses a potato and slices out three pieces from it. Each piece measures $5\,\text{cm} \times 0.5\,\text{cm} \times 0.5\,\text{cm}$. He then puts the three potato pieces into three separate sugar solutions. After two hours, he takes the potato pieces out of the sugar solutions and measures their lengths. The results are given in the table. Solution X: $5.2\,\text{cm}$ Solution Y: $4.7\,\text{cm}$ Solution Z: $5.3\,\text{cm}$ What conclusion can be drawn from these results?

Diffusion and osmosis

The diagram illustrates the carbon cycle. At which stage in the cycle is oxygen given out by living organisms?

Photosynthesis

Three statements about malarial parasites are given below. Which methods can be used to control malaria?

Disease

The diagram illustrates several ways that human activities can impact the environment. Which activity is most likely to cause acid rain?

Effects of humans on ecosystems

Which statements concerning meiosis are correct?

Nuclear division

What conditions are required for most seeds to germinate?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram depicts a fetus inside the uterus. Which of the labelled structures are needed to nourish the fetus, and which are used to support it and protect it from mechanical shocks?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram illustrates how the thickness of the lining of the uterus changes over the course of one menstrual cycle. At what point would progesterone and LH levels be at their greatest?

Sexual reproduction in humans

A gene is a hereditary unit that determines the production of

DNA

Two brothers had unlike blood groups. One had blood group A, while the other had blood group B. What conclusion can be drawn about the genotypes for their parents’ blood groups?

Inheritance

What is one possible risk of growing genetically engineered crops?

Genetic modification

According to the lock and key hypothesis, which part acts as the lock and which part acts as the key for the enzyme lipase?

Enzyme action

The table gives the genotypes and phenotypes for hair colour of the family members, although one phenotype has been recorded wrongly. The family members, together with their genotypes (allele 1 / allele 2) and hair colour, are: - mother: a / A, brown - father: A / A, brown - son 1: a / A, blonde - daughter 1: a / a, blonde - son 2: A / A, brown - daughter 2: A / a, brown Which family member has the phenotype shown incorrectly?

Inheritance

A student carries out an investigation into how the colour of light affects the rate of photosynthesis. In three separate trials, red, blue, or green light is directed at an aquatic plant. The number of oxygen bubbles given off by the plant is counted. Each trial is repeated three times, and the mean number of bubbles is worked out. Red: $48\,\text{bubbles min}^{-1}$ Blue: $37\,\text{bubbles min}^{-1}$ Green: $12\,\text{bubbles min}^{-1}$ What accounts for these results?

Photosynthesis

At what point is carbon dioxide taken in, and at what point is it given out, by an ecosystem such as a tropical rainforest?

Nutrient cycles

Which term is used to describe the leaf’s upper cuticle?

Leaf structure

Blood from the ileum is transported to the liver in the hepatic portal vein. Why does this benefit the body?

Absorption and assimilation

The table gives the compositions of four foods. Which food has the greatest energy per gram?

Diet

Fig. 1.1 illustrates four kinds of human teeth, A, B, C and D. Fig. 1.2 below illustrates how the teeth are arranged in the lower jaw of a human.

Human digestive system

Fig. 2.1 presents a cross-section of a human kidney together with the structures linked to it.

Urinary system

Fig. 3.1 illustrates the movement of energy through a biological system.

Energy flow

Fig. 4.1 depicts a human cell.

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

Fig. 5.1 shows the fruits of two plants, A and B. Both fruits are dispersed by animals.

Sexual reproduction in plants

Fig. 6.1a shows the right eye of a person before entering an area of bright light.

Mammalian sense organs

Fig. 7.1 depicts a fermenter that is being used to make an antibiotic.

Biotechnology

Using specific examples, explain why diet ought to be matched to a person's age and level of activity.

Diet

Describe how the nervous system helps keep body temperature constant.

Temperature control

Fig. 1.1 illustrates the stages in human twin development.

Sexual reproduction in humans

Fig. 2.1 illustrates how one person's body temperature changes.

Homeostasis

An experiment was conducted to examine how flower colour is inherited. In cross 1, a blue-flowered plant (plant G) was pollinated with pollen from another blue-flowered plant (plant H). The seeds produced were gathered and labelled ‘batch 1’. In cross 2, plant G was pollinated with a white-flowered plant (plant J). The seeds produced were gathered and labelled ‘batch 2’. All of these plants belonged to the same species. Fifty seeds from each of batch 1 and batch 2 were allowed to grow, and the number of plants with white flowers was recorded. The findings are presented in Table 3.1.

Inheritance

Fig. 4.1 illustrates the links among several organisms living together in a South American rainforest.

Ecosystems and biodiversity

At joints, muscles are set out in pairs. When one muscle contracts, it bends a limb at the joint, while the other contracts to make it straighten.

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

Part B

Photosynthesis

Describe the reasons why rickets occurs and the symptoms it produces.

Diet

Part C

Uptake and transport of water and ions

Describe and explain the features that a gas exchange surface has.

Human gas exchange