May/June 2016

Which two structures occur in every plant epidermal cell?

Cell structure and function

Which two foods would be the most suitable sources of carbohydrates, calcium, fibre (roughage) and vitamin C?

Diet

Which statement most accurately describes how water moves through a plant stem?

Transpiration and translocation

The graph illustrates how oxygen concentration affects the uptake of nitrate ions from the soil into a root hair cell. What conclusion can be drawn from this information?

Active transport

The diagram illustrates the movement of blood through a tissue. At which labelled point is the pressure greatest?

Blood vessels

The diagram illustrates arteries and veins in the human forearm. Which of the following statements are true for a vein in the human forearm?

Blood vessels

The graph illustrates how pressure varies in the left atrium and the left ventricle during a single heartbeat. At time X, what is the condition of the valves in the heart?

Heart

The diagram illustrates the human gas exchange system. Which structure is the trachea?

Human gas exchange

The diagram shows some of the muscles used in breathing. Which muscles are contracting as air is breathed in?

Human gas exchange

The diagram illustrates how a person's lung volume varies over a two-minute period. What might explain the change in the graph pattern between points X and Y?

Human gas exchange

Which statement concerning the elbow joint is correct?

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

Which processes are able to happen only across a membrane?

Diffusion and osmosis

On a sunny day, which material does a leaf excrete?

Photosynthesis

Which process is not caused by negative feedback?

Homeostasis

Give one example of a reflex arc.

Mammalian nervous system

What structures are positioned over the pupil at the front of a human eye?

Mammalian sense organs

The diagram illustrates a vertical section of the human brain. Which structure controls balance and muscular coordination?

Mammalian nervous system

The graphs illustrate how the percentage of smokers and the number of lung cancer deaths changed in a country from 1950 to 2000. What might have led to the change in the number of deaths from lung cancer between 1950 and 1975?

Disease

In which location is penicillin produced?

Antibiotics

In the production of alcohol, why is it necessary to keep air out of the fermenter?

Anaerobic respiration

Which kind of organism relies directly on light energy for its nutrition?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates the movement of substances through an ecosystem. The circles stand for trophic levels. Which circle shows herbivores?

Energy flow

In a person, the glucose concentration in the small intestine is lower than the concentration found in the blood. Glucose is taken up by the cells of the villi. Which process is responsible for this glucose uptake?

Active transport

The diagram illustrates part of the carbon cycle. Which processes are X and Y?

Nutrient cycles

By what route is malaria typically passed from one human to another?

Disease

The diagram shows a river running from the mountains towards the sea. Trees are felled and cleared from the shaded area. After a rainstorm, what effect does this have on the nitrate ion content at X and at Y?

Nutrient cycles

Which statements give a description of self-pollination?

Sexual reproduction in plants

A diploid cell forms additional cells that contain a haploid chromosome number. What kind of cell division is taking place, and what is the function of the cells formed?

Nuclear division

At which site does the placenta permit the exchange of materials between the mother and the fetus?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which row correctly matches a hormone to its role in the menstrual cycle?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Genetic engineering may be used to add new characteristics to animals and plants. Which characteristic is unlikely to be added to a cereal crop plant by genetic engineers?

Genetic modification

Within the ABO blood group system, which alleles show codominance?

Inheritance

Two black female mice were each bred with the same black male. One of the females produced nine offspring, and all nine were black. The other female produced six black offspring and two white offspring. Which cross shows the parents of the all-black family?

Inheritance

X and Y are the reactants in a chemical reaction catalysed by the enzyme E. Z is the product. The first three steps of the reaction are shown. $X + E \rightarrow XE$ $Y + XE \rightarrow XYE$ $XYE \rightarrow ZE$ What is the fourth, final step in this reaction?

Enzyme action

Which statement shows that genes are replicated and transmitted to the following generation?

Inheritance

Which row indicates what occurs in photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis

The diagram presents a cross-section of a dicotyledonous leaf. Which labelled parts of the leaf perform photosynthesis?

Leaf structure

The graph illustrates how a plant’s rate of photosynthesis changes as light intensity changes at two different carbon dioxide concentrations. The temperature is maintained at $20^\circ\text{C}$. Which factor is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at point X?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates a section of the alimentary canal together with linked structures. Which organs are P and Q?

Human digestive system

Which statement concerning chemical digestion in the human alimentary canal is correct?

Human digestive system

Which organelles are present in both animal cells and plant cells?

Cell structure and function

Which two foods would be the best sources of carbohydrates, calcium, fibre (roughage) and vitamin C?

Diet

What indicates how the rate of transpiration changes when atmospheric conditions change?

Transpiration and translocation

What is the main factor causing water to move up to the leaves in xylem vessels?

Transpiration and translocation

Several factors linked to coronary heart disease are listed. Which of these lower the risk of coronary heart disease?

Disease

Which of the following statements about arteries is correct?

Blood vessels

The graph illustrates how pressure varies in the left atrium and the left ventricle over one heartbeat. At time $X$, what is the condition of the valves in the heart?

Heart

The diagram illustrates a section of the human gas exchange system. What are the labelled structures?

Human gas exchange

The diagram shows some of the muscles involved in breathing. Which muscles are contracting during inhalation?

Human gas exchange

Which of these processes depends on respiration?

Respiration

In what way do the biceps and triceps muscles bring about movement at the elbow joint?

Mammalian nervous system

Which processes can take place only via a membrane?

Diffusion and osmosis

The diagram illustrates the human urinary system. Which labelled structure is the ureter?

Urinary system

Which process does not occur as a consequence of negative feedback?

Homeostasis

Give one example of a reflex arc.

Mammalian nervous system

What is one function of adrenaline, and where in the body is it broken down?

Mammalian hormones

The diagram illustrates a vertical cut through the human brain. Which structure is responsible for balance and muscular coordination?

Mammalian nervous system

The graphs illustrate how the percentage of smokers and the number of lung cancer deaths in a country changed between 1950 and 2000. What might have led to the change in the number of deaths from lung cancer between 1950 and 1975?

Disease

The diagram illustrates the apparatus used for the industrial production of penicillin. What is the purpose of the structure labelled X?

Biotechnology

During alcohol production, why must the fermenter be kept free of air?

Anaerobic respiration

A farmer is cultivating wheat in a field. The farmer applies insecticides to eliminate insect pests and chemicals to remove weeds from the field. Which statements about this field are correct?

Effects of humans on ecosystems

The diagram illustrates the movement of substances through an ecosystem. The circles stand for trophic levels. Which circle shows the herbivores?

Energy flow

The diagrams illustrate a cylindrical net that is packed with rubber balloons containing air. A teacher uses this model to explain wilting. What does each part of the model stand for?

Transpiration and translocation

The diagram illustrates several structures, Q, on the roots of a bean plant. Which chemical process fixes nitrogen in these structures?

Mineral nutrition

By what usual route is malaria passed from one person to another?

Disease

Which greenhouse gas comes from factory chimneys and is produced by herbivores?

Effects of humans on ecosystems

Which process in a developing seedling requires light energy?

Photosynthesis

Several new plants are developing from parts of a plant that have broken off and then taken root in the soil. Which statement is true about these new plants once they are mature?

Asexual and sexual reproduction

At what site does the placenta enable the transfer of substances between the mother and the fetus?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Compared with the few days before ovulation, which hormone is secreted in greater amounts three days after ovulation?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which of the following statements describe an allele?

Inheritance

Which statements regarding genetic engineering used to produce human insulin are correct?

Genetic modification

The diagram illustrates how dark hair and red hair are inherited in two families. If P and Q have children together, what prediction can be made about the hair colour of their children?

Inheritance

Amylase solution is tested using Benedict’s solution, biuret solution and iodine solution. What colours are produced?

Biological molecules

Which statement shows that genes are replicated and transmitted to the next generation?

Inheritance

The diagram shows a magnified cross-section of part of a leaf. In which part does photosynthesis take place?

Leaf structure

A leaf was taken from a plant that had been exposed to sunlight for eight hours. What would this leaf look like after testing with iodine solution?

Photosynthesis

The graph illustrates how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity at two different carbon dioxide concentrations. The temperature is maintained at $20^\f$. Which factor is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at point X?

Photosynthesis

Which statement is correct for the formation of urea?

Excretion

The diagram illustrates a section of the alimentary canal together with associated organs. Which row gives the correct description of the functions of the parts shown in the diagram?

Human digestive system

Fig. 1.1 presents a plant together with an enlarged transverse section (TS) of the root and an incomplete enlarged transverse section (TS) of the stem.

Specialised cells, tissues and organs

Dry mass is the total mass of all chemicals in an organism apart from water. Fig. 2.1 shows the stages of seed germination. Fig. 2.1 also shows how the plant’s dry mass changes during these germination stages.

Sexual reproduction in plants

Digestion in the human alimentary canal happens through the action of enzymes. Each food group acts as the substrate for a particular enzyme.

Absorption and assimilation

Fig. 4.1 outlines the steps in genetic engineering used to manufacture the hormone insulin.

Genetic modification

Malaria is an illness caused by a parasite that is passed from one person to another through a vector.

Disease

Enzyme Q acts in the human alimentary canal. Fig. 6.1 illustrates how pH affects the rate of reaction of enzyme Q.

Enzyme action

Describe the way in which the nitrogen cycle makes nitrogen in the air available for protein in both plants and animals.

Nutrient cycles

The brain is one part of the nervous system.

Mammalian nervous system

Define the term drug.

Disease

The grape plant bears numerous flowers gathered in clusters on each flowering head. Fig. 1.1 illustrates the layout of one fully developed grape flower.

Sexual reproduction in plants

Fig. 2.1 illustrates a fetus growing within its mother.

Sexual reproduction in humans

Table 3.1 lists some of the components found in a healthy human diet.

Diet

Fig. 4.1 compares the leaves of the same plant in daylight with those in darkness.

Photosynthesis

Table 5.1 presents several processes that happen in the lungs and thorax (chest cavity).

Human gas exchange

Describe how a cell wall and a cell membrane differ in both structure and function.

Cell structure and function

Before a seed can germinate, it needs specific conditions. Name these conditions and, for each one, explain why it is important in germination.

Sexual reproduction in plants

Describe how single cell protein is manufactured on an industrial scale.

Biotechnology

Regarding the inheritance of blood groups:

Inheritance