Using the human cell shown in stage K of Fig. 4.1, describe how the position and arrangement of its genetic material differ from those in the bacterial cell shown.
Using what you know about bacterial cells, name two structures that the transformed plasmid has to pass through before a transformed bacterium is formed in stage L of Fig. 4.1.
State the type of reproduction that occurs in stage M of Fig. 4.1. Use your understanding of cell division to explain why it matters that this form of reproduction happens.
Name the human condition that is treated with insulin made by the bacteria in stage N of Fig. 4.1.
Stage N of Fig. 4.1 may be carried out in a container similar to the one used for the large-scale production of antibiotics. State the name of this type of container.
Genetic engineering can also be used to make crop plants for human consumption. Discuss the possible advantages and dangers of using genetic engineering to produce crop plants for humans to eat.