Experimental design

The diagrams display liquids in a burette and a measuring cylinder. Which row gives the correct readings for the burette and the measuring cylinder?

Feb/March 2017

The diagrams display liquids in a burette and a measuring cylinder. Which row gives the correct readings for the burette and the measuring cylinder?

Feb/March 2017

The diagram displays liquid in a burette and a measuring cylinder. Which row gives the readings for the burette and the measuring cylinder?

Feb/March 2018

Which apparatus would be used to measure $1.5\text{ cm}^3$ of a solution accurately?

Feb/March 2020

$2.00\,\text{g}$ of powdered calcium carbonate is placed into $50.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of hydrochloric acid. Which apparatus should be used to measure these amounts of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

Feb/March 2023

$2.00\,\text{g}$ of calcium carbonate powder is added to $50.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of hydrochloric acid. Which apparatus is used to measure these amounts of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

Feb/March 2023

An experimental procedure includes the instruction below. Add $50\,\text{cm}^3$ of acid without delay. Which apparatus is most suitable to use?

May/June 2016

One instruction in an experiment is given below. Add $50\ \text{cm}^3$ of acid quickly. Which piece of apparatus is most suitable to use?

May/June 2016

An instruction for an experiment states the following. Add $50\,\text{cm}^3$ of acid as quickly as possible. Which apparatus would be most suitable to use?

May/June 2016

A student has to measure four separate volumes of a solution with high accuracy. The volumes are $10\text{ cm}^3$, $25\text{ cm}^3$, $50\text{ cm}^3$ and $60\text{ cm}^3$. The apparatus provided includes a $25\text{ cm}^3$ pipette. Which of these volumes could be measured with this pipette?

May/June 2017

A student has to measure $22\,\text{cm}^3$ of water at $40^\circ\text{C}$. Which apparatus is needed?

May/June 2017

What apparatus is used to measure precisely $26.3\,\text{cm}^3$ of a liquid?

May/June 2018

Which item of apparatus is not suitable for collecting and measuring the volume of gas produced during an experiment?

May/June 2018

Which apparatus is used to measure out exactly $26.3\,\text{cm}^3$ of a liquid?

May/June 2018

Which apparatus is unsuitable for collecting and measuring the volume of gas produced in an experiment?

May/June 2018

Fill in the table below.

May/June 2018

$2.00\,\text{g}$ of powdered calcium carbonate is put into $50.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of hydrochloric acid. Which apparatus is used to measure out the calcium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid?

May/June 2019

Which apparatus would be used to measure $24.8\,\text{cm}^3$ of gas produced in a reaction?

May/June 2019

$2.00\,\text{g}$ of powdered calcium carbonate is mixed with $50.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of hydrochloric acid. Which apparatus would you use to measure out the calcium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid?

May/June 2019

A student accurately measures out $25.00\,\text{cm}^3$ of dilute hydrochloric acid. Which apparatus is the most appropriate?

May/June 2019

What apparatus is used to measure $24.8\ \text{cm}^3$ of gas produced in a reaction?

May/June 2019

Which item of apparatus is used to measure out exactly $21.4\,\text{cm}^3$ of water?

May/June 2024

Which item of apparatus is used to measure $24.5\text{ cm}^3$ of gas given off during a reaction?

May/June 2024

What piece of apparatus is used to measure exactly $26.3\,\text{cm}^3$ of a liquid?

May/June 2025

A student combines $25\,\text{cm}^3$ samples of dilute hydrochloric acid with varying volumes of aqueous sodium hydroxide. For each mixture, the student records the change in temperature to determine whether the reaction is exothermic. Which piece of apparatus is not needed?

Oct/Nov 2016

A student combines $25\,\text{cm}^3$ portions of dilute hydrochloric acid with varying volumes of aqueous sodium hydroxide. For each mixture, the student records the temperature change to check whether the reaction is exothermic. Which item of apparatus is unnecessary?

Oct/Nov 2016

In an experiment, a measurement is taken in $\text{cm}^3$. Which apparatus would be used?

Oct/Nov 2017

In an experiment, a reading is taken in $\text{cm}^3$. Which apparatus is used?

Oct/Nov 2017

$25 \, \text{cm}^3$ of an alkali are mixed with $20 \, \text{cm}^3$ of an acid. The change in temperature is recorded. Which apparatus is not required for the experiment?

Oct/Nov 2017

A student is required to find the time taken for 0.4 g of magnesium carbonate to react fully with $25.0\ \text{cm}^3$ of dilute hydrochloric acid. Which apparatus items are needed by the student?

Oct/Nov 2019

A student must determine how long $0.4\,\text{g}$ of magnesium carbonate takes to react fully with $25.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of dilute hydrochloric acid. Which apparatus are needed by the student?

Oct/Nov 2019

A student must measure how long it takes for $0.4\,\text{g}$ of magnesium carbonate to react fully with $25.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of dilute hydrochloric acid. Which apparatus should the student use?

Oct/Nov 2019

Which piece of apparatus is able to measure only one fixed volume?

Oct/Nov 2020

Which piece of apparatus is capable of measuring only one fixed volume?

Oct/Nov 2020

A student measured out exactly $25.00\ \text{cm}^3$ of dilute hydrochloric acid into a conical flask. The student then added $2.5\ \text{g}$ of solid sodium carbonate and recorded how the mixture’s temperature changed. Which apparatus should the student use?

Oct/Nov 2021

Which piece of apparatus is able to measure only one set volume?

Oct/Nov 2024

The graph displays the volume of hydrogen formed as time passes during a chemical reaction. A student uses a stop-watch. Which other piece of apparatus is used to obtain the measurements needed to draw this graph?

Oct/Nov 2025

What item of apparatus is used to measure $13.7\,\text{cm}^3$ of dilute hydrochloric acid?

Oct/Nov 2025

Which statement about reactions is correct?

Oct/Nov 2025

When hot concentrated hydrochloric acid reacts with solid manganese(IV) oxide, chlorine gas is produced. Chlorine gas is poisonous and denser than air. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is corrosive. Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus arranged to produce and collect a sample of chlorine gas. There is a single mistake in how the apparatus has been arranged in Fig. 1.1.

Oct/Nov 2025

A student carries out an investigation into the temperature change when a 5 cm length of coiled magnesium ribbon reacts with excess dilute sulfuric acid. The student performs five experiments. Experiment 1 • Rinse a burette first with distilled water and then with dilute sulfuric acid. • Fill the burette with dilute sulfuric acid. Let some dilute sulfuric acid run out until the level is at the 0.0 cm^{3} mark. • Use the burette to transfer 30.0 cm^{3} of dilute sulfuric acid into a boiling tube. • Measure the starting temperature of the acid with a thermometer. • Write down the starting temperature. • Drop a coil of magnesium ribbon into the boiling tube. At the same moment, start a stop-watch. • Stir the contents of the boiling tube continuously using the thermometer. • After 1 minute, measure the temperature of the mixture in the boiling tube. • Write down this temperature. Experiment 2 • Refill the burette with dilute sulfuric acid. Let some dilute sulfuric acid run out until the level is at the 0.0 cm^{3} mark. • Use the burette to transfer 25.0 cm^{3} of dilute sulfuric acid into a fresh boiling tube. • Measure the starting temperature of the acid with the thermometer. • Write down the starting temperature. • Drop a coil of magnesium ribbon into the boiling tube. At the same moment, start the stop-watch. • Stir the contents of the boiling tube continuously using the thermometer. • After 1 minute, measure the temperature of the mixture in the boiling tube. • Write down this temperature. Experiment 3 • Repeat Experiment 2, but use 20.0 cm^{3} of dilute sulfuric acid instead of 25.0 cm^{3}. Experiment 4 • Repeat Experiment 2, but use 15.0 cm^{3} of dilute sulfuric acid instead of 25.0 cm^{3}. Experiment 5 • Repeat Experiment 2, but use 10.0 cm^{3} of dilute sulfuric acid instead of 25.0 cm^{3}.

Oct/Nov 2025

Duralumin is an alloy made up only of aluminium, copper, magnesium and manganese metals in a mixture. Table 4.1 gives data about the four metals present in duralumin. Plan an investigation to determine the percentage by mass of aluminium in a sample of duralumin. Your plan must show how you will work out the percentage by mass of aluminium in duralumin. A powdered sample of duralumin alloy, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid, distilled water and standard laboratory apparatus are supplied to you.

Oct/Nov 2025