Oct/Nov 2016

‘Particles moving at a very slow rate from a region of higher concentration into a region of lower concentration.’ Which process is being described?

Diffusion

When anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is added to water, a solution forms and heat is released. Which row indicates the temperature change and the reaction type occurring?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

When element X undergoes combustion, a large amount of energy is released. What is X?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

The rate of reaction between magnesium and excess dilute hydrochloric acid was monitored by recording the mass of magnesium remaining at regular time intervals. Two experiments were carried out. In both experiments, $0.1\,\text{g}$ of magnesium ribbon was used. The acid in experiment 1 had a lower concentration than the acid in experiment 2. Which graph represents the results of the experiments?

Rate of reaction

Which reaction can proceed in both directions?

Reversible reactions and equilibrium

Tin is produced when tin(II) oxide is heated with carbon. What change does the tin in tin(II) oxide undergo in this reaction?

Redox

A section of the Periodic Table is shown. Which element forms an acidic oxide?

Oxides

Four substances, P, Q, R and S, are examined as shown. Identify P, Q, R and S.

Identification of ions and gases

Acids can react with metal oxides, carbonates and metals. In which of these reactions is a gas formed?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

The apparatus shown is used in the preparation of aqueous copper(II) sulfate. Which substances are X and Y?

Preparation of salts

Which statement about trends in the Periodic Table is incorrect?

Arrangement of elements

A student combines $25\,\text{cm}^3$ portions of dilute hydrochloric acid with varying volumes of aqueous sodium hydroxide. For each mixture, the student records the temperature change to check whether the reaction is exothermic. Which piece of apparatus is not needed?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Which of the following is not a property of Group I metals?

Group I properties

Which statement concerning the element with proton number 54 is correct?

Noble gases

Which element counts as a transition element?

Transition elements

Which row shows the trends in the properties of the Group VII elements as the group is descended?

Group VII properties

Four metals are arranged in order of decreasing reactivity: magnesium, zinc, iron, copper. Titanium reacts with acid and cannot be obtained from its ore by heating with carbon. In which position should titanium be inserted into the list?

Reactivity series

Impure iron obtained from the blast furnace is changed into steel as illustrated. Which statement about the process is correct?

Extraction of metals

A student put dilute hydrochloric acid onto four metals and noted the outcomes. Some of the outcomes are incorrect. Which two outcomes are correct?

Reactivity series

The properties of three metals, P, Q and R, are displayed. Which metals are suitable for use in electrical wiring and for aircraft manufacture?

Properties of metals

One sample of sea-water is distilled, whereas another sample of sea-water is filtered. Which statement about the samples is correct?

Separation and purification

Air is a blend of gases. Which gas occurs in the greatest amount?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

The table provides details of the solubility of four solids, P, Q, R and S. A student tried to separate mixtures containing these solids by using this procedure. 1. Place the mixture in a beaker of water and stir it. 2. Filter the mixture. 3. Crystallise one of the solids from the filtrate. Which of the following mixtures could not be separated using this procedure?

Separation and purification

Which statement about carbon dioxide and methane is correct?

Air quality and climate

A combination of two substances, X and Y, is heated. A piece of damp red litmus paper changes to blue. What are X and Y?

Identification of ions and gases

In the experiment illustrated, a white precipitate appears in the limewater. What do X and Y represent?

Identification of ions and gases

Which box represents limestone?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

Petroleum is a significant fossil fuel. Which row gives the correct description of petroleum?

Fuels

Butane reacts as shown: $\text{butane} \xrightarrow[\text{and heat}]{\text{catalyst}} \text{butene} + \text{hydrogen}$. What kind of reaction is this?

Alkanes

Which substance belongs to the same homologous series as methanol?

Alcohols

Which statement cannot be correct for an alkane?

Alkanes

In which conical flask will ethanol form?

Alcohols

Which molecule is capable of being polymerised?

Polymers

The table gives data about atoms of three separate elements. What are the values of W, X, Y and Z?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Which row shows what happens when ethanol burns in air?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

The diagrams illustrate the structures of two different forms of the same element. What makes T suitable for use in cutting tools and U suitable for use as a lubricant?

Giant covalent structures

Ions are produced when elements lose or gain electrons. Which statement is correct?

Ions and ionic bonds

A molecule of X is made up of two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. What is the formula of X?

Formulae

Concentrated aqueous potassium chloride is electrolysed with platinum electrodes. The solution includes the ions $\text{K}^+$, $\text{Cl}^-$, $\text{H}^+$ and $\text{OH}^-$. During this electrolysis, which electrodes are these ions attracted to?

Electrolysis

What apparatus could be used to deposit copper onto an iron nail by electroplating?

Electrolysis

'Particles travelling at a low rate from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.' Which process is described here?

Diffusion

Among the experiments, which one is the most exothermic?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Which substance is not used as a source of fuel?

Fuels

Zinc granules are allowed to react with excess dilute hydrochloric acid. The volume of hydrogen produced is recorded at different times. These outcomes are displayed on the graph as experiment 1. The outcomes from a second experiment are also displayed on the graph as experiment 2. Which condition was changed in experiment 2?

Rate of reaction

If green crystals of nickel(II) sulfate are heated, water is lost and a yellow solid is left behind. When water is then added to the yellow solid, the green colour comes back. Which process accounts for these changes?

Physical and chemical changes

In which reaction does the copper compound undergo reduction?

Redox

The oxide $\text{SeO}_2$ is produced by selenium, and it dissolves in concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide. Zirconium produces the oxide $\text{ZrO}_2$, and this oxide dissolves in concentrated sulfuric acid. How are the elements selenium and zirconium classified?

Arrangement of elements

Aqueous sodium hydroxide was added gradually, and then in excess, to the separate solutions of W, X, Y and Z. The outcomes are shown. Which row shows the metal ions present in the solutions?

Identification of ions and gases

Acids are able to react with metal oxides, carbonates and metals. Which of these reactions gives off a gas?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

The apparatus illustrated is used to make aqueous copper(II) sulfate. What are X and Y?

Preparation of salts

A section of the Periodic Table is shown. Which statement about the elements is correct?

Arrangement of elements

A student combines $25\text{ cm}^3$ portions of dilute hydrochloric acid with varying volumes of aqueous sodium hydroxide. For each mixture, the student records the temperature change to find out whether the reaction is exothermic. Which piece of apparatus is unnecessary?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Which of the following is not a property of Group I metals?

Group I properties

Which gas is not classed as a noble gas?

Noble gases

Which chemical element is classified as a transition element?

Transition elements

Which statement about the elements in Group VII is incorrect?

Group VII properties

Four metals are shown in descending reactivity order: magnesium, zinc, iron, copper. Titanium reacts with acid and cannot be obtained from its ore by heating with carbon. At what point in the list should titanium be inserted?

Reactivity series

The impurities found in iron produced by the blast furnace include carbon, phosphorus and silicon. Which of these impurities are removed from the molten iron as gases during its conversion into steel?

Extraction of metals

A student placed dilute hydrochloric acid with four metals and noted the outcomes. Some of the outcomes are incorrect. Which two outcomes are correct?

Reactivity series

State one common application of mild steel.

Uses of metals

River water may contain soluble impurities, insoluble impurities and bacteria. It is rendered safe for drinking by filtration and chlorination. Which statement is correct?

Water

Air is a blend of gases. Which gas is found in the greatest quantity?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

A sample includes a mixture of powdered limestone (calcium carbonate), sugar and wax. What is the correct method for obtaining a pure sample of sugar?

Separation and purification

Which statement about carbon dioxide and methane is correct?

Air quality and climate

A sample of fertiliser is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture is warmed. Ammonia gas is released. Which ion is present in the fertiliser?

Identification of ions and gases

Which reaction would not produce carbon dioxide?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

When heated, which substance releases carbon dioxide?

Physical and chemical changes

Petroleum is separated into fractions. Which statement is incorrect?

Fuels

Butane changes in the way shown below. $\text{butane} \xrightarrow[\text{and heat}]{\text{catalyst}} \text{butene} + \text{hydrogen}$ What kind of reaction is this?

Alkanes

Which compound does not belong to the alkene homologous series?

Alkenes

Which compound turns aqueous bromine colourless?

Alkenes

The equation shows the fermentation of $X$. $X \xrightarrow{\text{yeast}} \text{ethanol} + \text{carbon dioxide}$ What substance is $X$?

Fuels

Which molecule is capable of being polymerised?

Polymers

The table presents details for four distinct particles. What are the values of W, X, Y and Z?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Which equation shows the complete combustion of ethanol correctly?

Alcohols

Which pair of statements about diamond and graphite is correct?

Giant covalent structures

Which row gives the electronic structure of the sodium ion and the chloride ion in sodium chloride?

Ions and ionic bonds

X is made up of two bromine atoms, three carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in each molecule. What is the formula of X?

Formulae

The diagram illustrates the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride with inert electrodes. Which substances are formed at the electrodes?

Electrolysis

What apparatus could be used to electroplate an iron nail with copper?

Electrolysis

‘Particles passing very slowly from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.’ Which process is being described?

Diffusion

10 g of ammonium nitrate are introduced into water at $25^\circ\text{C}$ and the mixture is stirred. The ammonium nitrate dissolves and, after one minute, the temperature of the solution falls to $10^\circ\text{C}$. Which word is used to describe this change?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

What is invariably produced when a fuel is burned?

Fuels

An experiment X is performed between a solid and a solution with the apparatus illustrated. The volume of gas released is recorded at various times and the findings are plotted on a graph. In a second experiment Y, the surface area of the solid is increased while every other factor stays unchanged. Which graph shows the results of experiments X and Y?

Rate of reaction

Hydrated cobalt(II) chloride crystals are pink in colour. On heating, they lose water and produce blue anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride. $\text{hydrated cobalt(II) chloride} \rightleftharpoons \text{anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride} + \text{water}$. A few drops of vinegar were put onto anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride. The colour then changed from blue to pink. What does this colour change indicate about vinegar?

Water

The equations for three reactions are listed below. 1. $\text{CuO} + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cu} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$ 2. $\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 + 3\text{CO} \rightarrow 2\text{Fe} + 3\text{CO}_2$ 3. $2\text{H}_2 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$ Which statement about these reactions is not correct?

Redox

A section of the Periodic Table is shown. What type of oxides are formed by X and Y?

Oxides

Compound T is placed into dilute hydrochloric acid and the mixture is warmed carefully. A gas is produced that changes acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) from purple to colourless. When compound T is tested in a flame, a lilac flame is observed. What is compound T?

Identification of ions and gases

Acids may react with metal oxides, carbonates and metals. In which of these reactions is a gas produced?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

The apparatus illustrated is used for the preparation of aqueous copper(II) sulfate. Identify X and Y.

Preparation of salts

Elements P and Q lie in the same period of the Periodic Table. P is a metal, whereas Q is a non-metal. Which statement is correct?

Arrangement of elements

A student combines $25\,\text{cm}^3$ samples of dilute hydrochloric acid with varying volumes of aqueous sodium hydroxide. For each mixture, the student records the change in temperature to determine whether the reaction is exothermic. Which piece of apparatus is not needed?

Experimental design

Which of the following is not a property of Group I metals?

Group I properties

A flammable gas has to be taken out of a tank at an industrial plant. For safety, an inert gas is used instead. Which gas is suitable?

Noble gases

Which element is classed as a transition element?

Transition elements

Which statement concerning the element bromine is correct?

Group VII properties

Four metals are shown below in order of decreasing reactivity. magnesium zinc iron copper Titanium reacts with acid and cannot be obtained from its ore by heating with carbon. At what position in the list should titanium be inserted?

Reactivity series

Iron is converted into steel using basic oxides and oxygen. Which statement is incorrect?

Extraction of metals

A student added dilute hydrochloric acid to four metals and noted the results. Some of the results are incorrect. Which two results are correct?

Reactivity series

Some characteristics of aluminium are shown. Which characteristics make aluminium appropriate for making food containers for chilled food products?

Uses of metals

The diagram shows the water cycle. At what stage in the cycle are soluble impurities removed from the water?

Water

Air consists of a mixture of gases. Which gas is found in the greatest amount?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

A solid X is purified through five steps. The diagram shows the first four stages of the purification. In step 5, how is a pure sample of solid X obtained from mixture Y?

Separation and purification

Which statement about carbon dioxide and methane is correct?

Air quality and climate

Calcium oxide and ammonium salts are used by farmers to improve soils. Why are these two substances applied at separate times?

Fertilisers

The diagram illustrates the production of a gas, G, through four reactions, starting from glucose or from a solid, S. What are the formulae of gas G and solid S?

Identification of ions and gases

Slaked lime is added to reduce the acidity of the soil. In what way does the soil pH change?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which sequence shows the fractions produced by distilling petroleum, arranged in order of rising boiling point?

Fuels

Butane changes according to the equation below. butane $\xrightarrow{\text{catalyst and heat}}$ butene + hydrogen What kind of reaction is this?

Alkanes

A diagram shows the structure of a compound, X. Which homologous series is X part of?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

An organic compound has these properties. colour: colourless action on Universal Indicator: none flammability: highly flammable action on aqueous bromine: decolourises state at room temperature: gas Which homologous series does this organic compound belong to?

Alkenes

The diagram illustrates some apparatus. What product is produced with this apparatus?

Electrolysis

Which molecule is able to be polymerised?

Polymers

This atom contains three electron shells. Its outer shell holds three electrons. How many protons and how many neutrons does this atom have?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Ethanol serves as a biofuel. Which equation represents the complete combustion of ethanol?

Fuels

Boron nitride is a compound made from the elements boron and nitrogen. Its structure is similar to that of diamond. What property is boron nitride likely to have?

Giant covalent structures

Which row gives the description of how single covalent bonds are formed in methane?

Simple molecules and covalent bonds

Which elements are present in the compound BaCO$_3$?

Formulae

A concentrated aqueous solution of sodium iodide is electrolysed with platinum electrodes. The solution contains the ions $\text{Na}^+$, $\text{I}^-$, $\text{H}^+$ and $\text{OH}^-$. During this electrolysis, to which electrodes are these ions attracted?

Electrolysis

Which apparatus could be used to electroplate copper onto an iron nail?

Electrolysis