Osmosis

Which diagram shows how the appearance of a plant cell changes after it has been kept in a concentrated sugar solution for thirty minutes?

Feb/March 2016

The data present the findings from an investigation into osmosis using pieces of potato. The concentration of sugar solution is $0.6\ \text{mol per dm}^3$. The potato stick measures $60\ \text{mm}$ at the beginning and $54\ \text{mm}$ after $24$ hours. Which statements account for this change in length?

Feb/March 2016

The diagram shows two liquids with a membrane between them, allowing osmosis to take place. Which statement explains the way the molecules will move?

Feb/March 2017

The diagram shows two liquids separated by a membrane that allows osmosis to take place. Which statement explains how the molecules will move?

Feb/March 2017

The diagram illustrates a plant cell. How will this cell look after it has been kept in pure water for 30 minutes?

Feb/March 2018

Protoplasts are plant cells from which the cell wall has been removed. What occurs if plant protoplasts are put into distilled water?

Feb/March 2018

Which process involves only the movement of water through a cell’s partially permeable membrane?

Feb/March 2019

Which process involves only the movement of water across the partially permeable membrane of a cell?

Feb/March 2019

Which row gives the description of osmosis?

Feb/March 2020

Which row gives the description of osmosis?

Feb/March 2020

Which molecule is able to pass through a partially permeable membrane during osmosis?

Feb/March 2023

Which molecule moves through a partially permeable membrane during osmosis?

Feb/March 2023

Which process involves only the movement of water across a cell’s partially permeable membrane?

Feb/March 2024

The diagram shows two plant cells. Which statement explains what will happen to the water inside the cells?

Feb/March 2024

The apparatus illustrated is used to show osmosis. At the beginning of the demonstration, the mass of the dialysis tubing and its contents was 11.2 g, and by the end it was 9.4 g. Which solutions would produce this change in mass?

Feb/March 2025

The diagram shows water and sugar molecules positioned on opposite sides of a partially permeable membrane. What occurs during osmosis?

May/June 2016

The diagram illustrates an osmosis experiment. Which arrow indicates the direction of the net movement of water at the beginning of the experiment?

May/June 2016

Two cells are shown in the diagram. Overall, water moves from cell X to cell Y. What is responsible for water moving from cell X to cell Y?

May/June 2016

Rhabdostyla is a unicellular organism with neither a cell wall nor chlorophyll.

May/June 2016

A group of students explored osmosis in raw potato sticks.

May/June 2016

Statements 1-4 outline the stages in the development of cholera. 1. Chloride ions are released into the gut. 2. Osmosis makes water move into the gut. 3. The infected person becomes dehydrated. 4. Toxins are made by the pathogenic bacteria. What is the correct order of these four stages?

May/June 2017

Which region of a plant root hair is partially permeable?

May/June 2018

Which process is explained by osmosis?

May/June 2019

The cholera bacterium releases toxins that make chloride ions be secreted into the small intestine. What effect does this have on the water potential of the blood in the intestinal capillaries and of the intestinal contents?

May/June 2019

The cholera bacterium releases toxins that lead to chloride ions being secreted into the small intestine. How does this change the water potential of the blood in the intestinal capillaries and of the intestinal contents?

May/June 2019

Which process is meant by osmosis?

May/June 2019

The cholera bacterium releases toxins that make chloride ions move into the small intestine. What effect does this have on the water potential of the blood in the intestinal capillaries and of the intestinal contents?

May/June 2019

Fig. 4.1 shows a palisade mesophyll cell. Identify and label the nucleus and a chloroplast on Fig. 4.1.

May/June 2019

Describe what happened in test-tubes 1 and 2.

May/June 2019

A cylinder made from potato tissue was put into a beaker containing very salty water. After one hour, the mass of the potato cylinder had fallen. Why did this happen?

May/June 2021

A cylinder made from potato tissue was put into a concentrated salt solution. It was left to soak for one hour and then examined. What change will have occurred to the potato tissue after one hour of soaking?

May/June 2021

A group of students carried out an investigation into osmosis. They put some dried fruit into a beaker containing distilled water. The mass of the fruit was recorded at regular intervals over a 24-hour period. Which graph represents the results?

May/June 2021

Fig. 1.1 shows a diagram of a plant cell. The boxes on the left contain the letters used to label some parts of the plant cell in Fig. 1.1, while the boxes on the right list the functions of some cell parts. Draw five lines to connect each letter with its correct function.

May/June 2022

The diagram illustrates part of the apparatus used for an osmosis investigation. In this investigation, a dialysis tubing bag was filled with sucrose solution, sealed, and weighed. The dialysis tubing bag was then placed in distilled water for one hour. After one hour, the dialysis tubing bag was taken out of the beaker, its surface was dried, and the bag was weighed again. Which row describes what will happen during the investigation?

May/June 2023

A tuber taken from a potato plant was cut into sections of equal length. The potato sections were then left in four different solutions for three hours. 1 pure water 2 a sugar solution that is less concentrated than the contents of the potato cells 3 a sugar solution that is more concentrated than the contents of the potato cells 4 a sugar solution that has the same concentration as the contents of the potato cells Which of the solutions will make the potato sections change in length?

May/June 2023

The diagram illustrates an experiment that demonstrates osmosis with a dialysis tubing bag. Following 30 minutes, the liquid level in the glass tube rises or falls ......1...... since the water had a ......2...... water potential compared with the sugar solution. Which words complete the statement correctly?

May/June 2023

Cholera bacteria in the gut trigger the release of chloride ions ($\text{Cl}^-$), and this results in diarrhoea. Which diagram shows the correct direction of movement of chloride ions ($\text{Cl}^-$) and water ($\text{H}_2\text{O}$)?

May/June 2023

The diagram illustrates a root hair cell. At what point does water move into the cell by osmosis?

May/June 2023

If a plant cell is placed in pure water, it ......1...... water through osmosis and becomes ......2...... . Which words should be inserted into gaps 1 and 2 to complete the statement?

May/June 2023

Using the information in Table 2.1, calculate the percentage change in mass at $1.00\text{ mol dm}^{-3}$. Give your answer to two decimal places.

May/June 2023

The diagram depicts apparatus set up to study osmosis. At the beginning of the investigation, the volumes of solutions A, B, C and D were equal. After one hour, the solutions had risen in the glass tubes. Which solution had the highest concentration at the start of the investigation?

May/June 2024

Diarrhoea is one symptom of cholera. It happens because water is lost by osmosis, which is triggered by the cholera toxin. What effect do cholera toxins have that causes diarrhoea?

May/June 2024

Samples of plant cells from the same species are placed in three different liquids. The dilute sucrose solution has a higher water potential than the plant cell cytoplasm. The concentrated sucrose solution has a lower water potential than the plant cell cytoplasm. What is the condition of the cells in the different liquids?

May/June 2024

Some plant cells are left in distilled water for 1 hour. Which description correctly shows the state of the plant cells after 1 hour?

May/June 2024

The cholera bacterium makes a toxin. This toxin stimulates chloride ions to be secreted into the lumen of the small intestine. Why does this result in diarrhoea?

May/June 2024

What occurs when potato plant cells are put into pure water?

May/June 2024

Link the box on the left to each statement about water that is correct. Draw three lines. The sentence endings shown are: “is broken down to release energy.”, “dissolves many substances.”, “acts as a solute.”, “is made by photosynthesis.”, “is needed for digestion.”, “is needed for germination.”

May/June 2024

The diagram illustrates four identical pieces of potato plant tissue in test-tubes. The potato pieces were left in the test-tubes for six hours. After six hours, which piece of potato would show the largest increase in mass?

May/June 2025

The diagram shows two liquids divided by a partially permeable membrane. Which statement explains the movement of molecules by osmosis?

May/June 2025

Pieces of potato plant tissue are put into a highly concentrated sugar solution. Other pieces of potato plant tissue are put into distilled water. What happens to the mass of the potato pieces in each liquid?

May/June 2025

Four equal-sized uncooked potato cylinders were each left in one of four different liquids for two hours. The liquids were: 1. pure water 2. a sugar solution that had a lower concentration than the contents of the potato cells 3. a sugar solution that had a higher concentration than the contents of the potato cells 4. a sugar solution with the same concentration as the contents of the potato cells In which liquids will the potato cylinders become longer?

May/June 2025

What occurs when plant cells are put into a sugar solution with a lower water potential than the cells’ cytoplasm?

May/June 2025

A potato was taken off a potato plant. A $5\,\text{g}$ cube of potato was then cut out and placed in a beaker containing distilled water. What is the most likely mass of the cube of potato after two hours?

May/June 2025

A student studied how placing cylinders made from potato tissue into sucrose solutions of different concentrations affected them. The mass of each potato cylinder was recorded before immersion and again after it had been left in the solution for 60 minutes. Table 5.1 presents the findings.

May/June 2025

The diagram depicts a plant cell that has lost water to the surrounding solution by osmosis. Which structure is the partially permeable membrane?

Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram illustrates a plant cell that has lost water to its surroundings by osmosis. Which part is the partially permeable membrane?

Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram illustrates a section of a leaf in cross section. Which arrow indicates the direction in which water moves by osmosis in a leaf?

Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram illustrates a plant cell that has lost water to its surroundings through osmosis. Which structure is the partially permeable membrane?

Oct/Nov 2016

The cholera bacterium releases toxins that lead to chloride ions being secreted into the small intestine. How does this change the water potential of the blood in the intestinal capillaries and of the intestinal contents?

Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram depicts a plant cell that has lost water to its surroundings through osmosis. Which structure is the partially permeable membrane?

Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram illustrates a plant cell that has lost water to its surroundings by osmosis. Which structure is the partially permeable membrane?

Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram shows a plant cell that has lost water to its surroundings by osmosis. Which structure is the partially permeable membrane?

Oct/Nov 2016

Describe osmosis in simple terms.

Oct/Nov 2016

What characteristics does osmosis have?

Oct/Nov 2017

Which diagram illustrates how a plant cell looks after being placed in pure water?

Oct/Nov 2017

A red blood cell and a palisade mesophyll cell are immersed in a solution whose water potential is higher than that of the cells. What happens to each cell?

Oct/Nov 2017

A red blood cell and a palisade mesophyll cell are put into a solution with a water potential higher than that of the cells. What will happen to each cell?

Oct/Nov 2017

Three pieces of potato, all of the same size, were placed in sucrose solutions of different concentrations. A single piece of potato was placed in distilled water. The sucrose solution concentrations were $0.2\,\text{g dm}^{-3}$, $0.4\,\text{g dm}^{-3}$ and $0.6\,\text{g dm}^{-3}$. The graph shows how the mass of the potato pieces changed during a period of $60$ minutes. Which piece of potato was placed in distilled water?

Oct/Nov 2017

A red blood cell and a palisade mesophyll cell are placed in a solution that has a higher water potential than the cells. What will happen to each cell?

Oct/Nov 2017

The diagram illustrates the apparatus used to investigate osmosis. At the start of the investigation, the volumes of solutions A, B, C and D were the same. After one hour, the solutions had risen up the glass tubes. Which solution was the most concentrated at the start of the investigation?

Oct/Nov 2018

The diagram depicts four identical pieces of potato in test-tubes. The potato pieces were left in the arrangement shown for six hours. Which potato piece would show the largest increase in mass?

Oct/Nov 2018

Four freshly cut potato cylinders were left in different salt solutions for one hour and then fixed to cork blocks with pins. Two of the blocks are shown. Which solution would make the potato cylinder the most flaccid?

Oct/Nov 2018

The diagram displays a plant cell after it has been immersed in solution P for 20 minutes. Which row gives the water potential of solution P and the state of the cell?

Oct/Nov 2018

Some potato pieces were put into a highly concentrated sugar solution. Other potato pieces were put into distilled water. What happened to the mass of the potato pieces in the two liquids?

Oct/Nov 2019

One sign of cholera is diarrhoea. This occurs because water is lost by osmosis due to the cholera toxin. Cholera toxins lead to

Oct/Nov 2019

Red blood cells were put into pure water. Water moving across the cell membrane led to a change in how they looked. What led to this change in appearance?

Oct/Nov 2019

Red blood cells were put into pure water. Water moved across the cell membrane, which changed their appearance. What was responsible for this change in appearance?

Oct/Nov 2019

Red blood cells were put into pure water. As water moved across the cell membrane, their appearance changed. What was responsible for this change in appearance?

Oct/Nov 2019

By what method is water taken up by root hair cells?

Oct/Nov 2021

Which of the following statements about turgor pressure is correct?

Oct/Nov 2021

Different concentrations of sucrose solution were used to soak potato cylinders for an equal length of time. The potato cylinders’ masses were measured both before and after they were immersed in the solutions. The findings are shown in the table. Which potato cylinder was placed in the solution with the greatest sucrose concentration?

Oct/Nov 2022

Which row lists the characteristics of osmosis in cells?

Oct/Nov 2022

Which statement refers to osmosis?

Oct/Nov 2022

The cholera bacterium produces toxins that trigger chloride ions to be secreted into the small intestine. What immediate effect does this have on the water potential of the blood in the intestinal capillaries, and on the water potential of the contents of the small intestine?

Oct/Nov 2022

The graph illustrates how the turgor pressure within a plant cell changes when the cell is put into external solutions with different concentrations. What is the state of the cell at point X?

Oct/Nov 2022

The cholera bacterium causes toxins to make chloride ions move into the small intestine. What immediate effect does this have on the water potential of the blood in the intestinal capillaries, and on the water potential of the small intestine contents?

Oct/Nov 2022

A plant tissue sample is placed in a solution. What would lead to plasmolysis in the plant cells?

Oct/Nov 2022

The cholera bacterium releases toxins that make chloride ions move out into the small intestine. What immediate effect does this have on the water potential of the blood in the intestinal capillaries, and on the water potential of the material inside the small intestine?

Oct/Nov 2022

The diagrams illustrate how a cell looks under a microscope at the beginning of an experiment and after being kept in a dilute solution of salts for 5 minutes. Which statement explains the change?

Oct/Nov 2023

The diagram illustrates an experiment designed to investigate osmosis in living cells. What happens to the volumes of water and sugar solution after 12 hours?

Oct/Nov 2023

Which diagram illustrates the look of a plant cell after it has been put into pure water?

Oct/Nov 2023

The diagrams illustrate the appearance of a cell under the microscope at the beginning of an experiment and after it has been kept in a dilute salt solution for 5 minutes. Which statement accounts for what occurs?

Oct/Nov 2023

The diagram illustrates an experiment used to investigate osmosis in living cells. What happens to the volumes of water and sugar solution after 12 hours?

Oct/Nov 2023

Cholera infection may lead to the following events. 1. The cells lining the small intestine release chloride ions. 2. Cholera bacteria release a toxin. 3. Chloride ions pass into the small intestine. 4. Water moves from the blood into the small intestine by osmosis. 5. The water potential of the fluid in the small intestine decreases. Which order of events will result in diarrhoea?

Oct/Nov 2023

Which diagram illustrates how a plant cell looks after being placed in pure water?

Oct/Nov 2023

Complete the statements about movement into and out of cells. Diffusion is the overall movement of particles down a concentration gradient. The energy for diffusion comes from the ........................................ energy of random movement of molecules and ions. Factors that affect diffusion include concentration gradient, ..................................., and ................................... . Osmosis is the movement of water by diffusion through a ................................... permeable membrane. The movement of particles through a cell membrane against a concentration gradient using energy from ................................... is called ................................... .

Oct/Nov 2023

Water enters and leaves cells by osmosis.

Oct/Nov 2023

Red blood cells are specialised cells for carrying oxygen. State the substance inside red blood cells that binds with oxygen.

Oct/Nov 2023

During osmosis, some molecules pass through a membrane. Which row identifies the molecule that moves and the type of membrane?

Oct/Nov 2024

What is the term for the process where water passes through a partially permeable membrane?

Oct/Nov 2024