Oct/Nov 2017

Which process in plant cells makes use of chlorophyll?

Photosynthesis

Which enzyme is used to make apple juice clear?

Enzymes

What pH is best for stomach enzymes?

Enzymes

Which raw materials are required for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis

In plants, which substance is magnesium ions found in?

Photosynthesis

What should be increased in the diet of someone suffering from constipation?

Diet

Which chemical reaction occurs in the mouth?

Chemical digestion

The diagram depicts the human alimentary canal, with a scale shown in metres alongside it. What is the length of the small intestine?

Digestive system

What does transpiration mean?

Transpiration

Which tissue is responsible for carrying water from the roots to the leaves in a plant?

Xylem and phloem

On which organ is an ECG carried out?

Heart

The table gives the scientific names of four members of the cat family. Which statement is correct?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of a human blood vessel. Which kind of blood vessel is shown in the diagram?

Blood vessels

Which two are chemical barriers that stop the transmission of pathogens?

Diseases and immunity

The table gives the approximate composition of inspired air and expired air. What is the name of gas S?

Gas exchange in humans

In an experiment designed to study anaerobic respiration, two bottles are arranged in a warm room, as shown. Bottle P contains sugar, yeast and water. Bottle Q contains yeast and water. What would happen to each balloon after one day?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram shows the exchange of gases while breathing and respiration are taking place in the body. What do X and Y represent?

Gas exchange in humans

The table gives information about urea. Which row is accurate?

Excretion in humans

What is the main function of sweating?

Homeostasis

What indicates the sequence in which these structures take part in a reflex action?

Coordination and response

The diagram shows a person sweating in hot weather. What role do sweat glands have in the process of sweating?

Homeostasis

The diagram illustrates the gas exchange surface of a person who has recently smoked a cigarette. Substance P is able to cause cancer. What is substance P?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates one kind of tooth. Use the key to identify which tooth it is.

Digestive system

Which birth control method works by stopping an egg from being released?

Sex hormones in humans

Which environmental factor is not always necessary for seed germination?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The four processes linked to labour and birth are listed below. 1 cutting the umbilical cord 2 contraction of muscles in the uterus wall 3 dilation of the cervix 4 passage of the baby through the vagina. What is the normal order in which these events happen?

Sexual reproduction in humans

In some mammals, the allele for brown coat colour is dominant over the allele for white coat colour. What percentage of the offspring would have white coats if two heterozygous mammals are crossed?

Monohybrid inheritance

Which term refers to a stretch of DNA that codes for a protein?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Why is tongue rolling classified as an example of discontinuous variation?

Variation

What does the widest block in a pyramid of numbers represent in a grassland ecosystem?

Food chains and food webs

A food chain is illustrated. potato plant $\rightarrow$ slug $\rightarrow$ hedgehog Through which process is energy passed from the potato plant to the slug?

Energy flow

A farmer applied some fertiliser to his field. Some of the fertiliser washed into a nearby lake. What effect will the fertiliser have on the growth of the crop plants in the field and the plants in the lake?

Pollution

The diagrams compare the depth and rate of breathing of a person at 12.00 pm and at 1.00 pm. At 12.00 pm, the volume axis includes a scale of $0.5\,\text{dm}^3$. What change occurs in the person’s breathing between 12.00 pm and 1.00 pm?

Gas exchange in humans

The diagram illustrates a student’s sketch of guard cells. Which label is incorrect?

Leaf structure

The table lists the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere in three separate years. years: 1930, 1980, 1990 carbon dioxide concentration / parts per million: 300, 330, 370 What is the most likely reason for this increase?

Pollution

The diagrams illustrate a leaf and its internal structure. What are the levels of organisation of the labelled structures?

Characteristics of living organisms

The diagram illustrates an insect as it appears under the microscope’s low power lens. The circle’s actual diameter is $0.3\,\text{cm}$. What is the insect’s approximate length in millimetres?

Size of specimens

The diagram shows part of a cross-section through a leaf. Which arrow shows the diffusion of oxygen during photosynthesis?

Leaf structure

What is used to support plants?

Xylem and phloem

Which one of these is broken down by protease?

Enzymes

What process do living organisms use to eliminate excess carbon dioxide from their bodies?

Gas exchange in humans

Which chemical is used to test whether protein is present in a food sample?

Biological molecules

The test-tubes were arranged as shown in the table. In which test-tube would the starch be digested most rapidly? The table shows: $2\text{ cm}^3$ starch suspension added, $1\text{ cm}^3$ of amylase added, $1\text{ cm}^3$ of boiled amylase added, temperature / $^\circ\text{C}$.

Enzymes

The mean number of chloroplasts in four different kinds of cell from a plant is shown. Which one is a root hair cell?

Cell structure

What should be increased in the diet of someone who has constipation?

Diet

The diagram illustrates the human alimentary canal, and a string labelled in metres is shown next to it. What is the length of the small intestine?

Digestive system

What might result in obesity?

Diet

At what stage of nutrition do food molecules become part of a body cell?

Absorption

The diagram illustrates a transverse section of a plant organ. What is M?

Xylem and phloem

What does transpiration mean?

Transpiration

The diagram presents a cross-section of a human blood vessel. Which kind of blood vessel is shown in the diagram?

Blood vessels

If a donkey is crossed with a zebra, the offspring is a zebronkey. Zebronkeys cannot produce offspring. Which statement is correct?

Meiosis

The diagram shows a cross-section of a mammalian heart. Which part transports blood straight from the lungs?

Blood vessels

Which of these is a mechanical barrier against pathogens?

Diseases and immunity

Approximately what percentage of oxygen is present in exhaled air?

Gas exchange in humans

To investigate anaerobic respiration, two bottles are placed in a warm room, as illustrated below. Bottle P contains sugar, yeast and water. Bottle Q contains yeast and water only. After one day, what change would be seen in each balloon?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates the exchange of gases during breathing and during respiration in the body. What do X and Y represent?

Gas exchange in humans

What is the primary function of sweating?

Homeostasis

What indicates the sequence in which these structures take part in a reflex action?

Coordination and response

Which one functions as a sense organ?

Sense organs

The diagram depicts a person sweating in hot weather. What role do sweat glands play in the process of sweating?

Homeostasis

Which disease is brought about by bacteria?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates a leaf. Use the key to identify the leaf.

Leaf structure

In a flowering plant, where does fertilisation take place?

Sexual reproduction in plants

Which birth control method stops an egg from being released?

Sex hormones in humans

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Sexual reproduction in plants

In some plants, $H$ is the dominant allele for hairy stems, while $h$ is the recessive allele for smooth stems. A mating pair of these plants has 37 offspring, of which 18 have hairy stems and 19 have smooth stems. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

Monohybrid inheritance

The pedigree diagram illustrates the inheritance of the ability to detect flowers called freesias. The allele for smelling freesias is dominant. Which individual’s symbol is incorrect?

Monohybrid inheritance

Give one example of continuous variation.

Variation

Which pyramid of numbers contains a greater number of herbivores than producers?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates how energy moves through a food chain. green plant $\rightarrow$ rabbit $\rightarrow$ fox Which process in the rabbit makes it possible for energy to be transferred to the fox?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates a section of the carbon cycle. Which two numbered arrows indicate respiration?

Nutrient cycles

In the production of commercial apple juice, the fruit is crushed so that the cells are broken apart and their contents are released. Chemical Q occurs between the cells. It keeps the cells together, but it also leaves the expressed juice cloudy. Which process is used to make the juice clear?

Enzymes

The diagram depicts a cell from a plant leaf. Which structure contains the largest amount of magnesium?

Leaf structure

The table displays the quantity of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere in three separate years. year: 1930, 1980, 1990 carbon dioxide / parts per million: 300, 330, 370 What is the most probable cause of this change?

Pollution

What does the term leaf mean?

Leaf structure

The experiment is arranged as shown. After a few hours, the water becomes blue. Which process makes this colour change happen?

Photosynthesis

The true length of a cell is $0.2\,\text{mm}$. A student wants the drawing to show the cell at two hundred times its real size. What length should the student draw for the cell?

Size of specimens

What characteristics does osmosis have?

Osmosis

Which of the following is broken down by protease?

Enzymes

Which process gives out water and energy?

Aerobic respiration

Into which section of the alimentary canal is the enzyme that breaks down starch released?

Chemical digestion

Which of these substances is broken down by protease?

Enzymes

What should be increased in the diet of a person suffering from constipation?

Diet

The diagram depicts the human alimentary canal, alongside a scale labelled in metres. What is the length of the small intestine?

Digestive system

An individual has gums that are swollen and bleed easily, and their wounds heal slowly. A shortage of which nutrient in the diet could cause this?

Diet

Which function is carried out by the duodenum?

Digestive system

Solid food enters the mouth at P and enters the oesophagus at Q. In what way is the food at Q different from the food at P?

Physical digestion

What does transpiration mean?

Transpiration

Which words correctly complete the two sentences below? During transpiration, water moves from the ……1…… in a leaf and passes into ……2…… cells. It then leaves the surface of these cells by ……3…… and ……4…… out through the stomata.

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of a human blood vessel. Which kind of blood vessel is shown in the diagram?

Blood vessels

The dire wolf is a wolf species that has become extinct. What is the scientific name of this wolf?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The photomicrograph displays several blood cells. What is the function of cell P?

Blood

What can be transferred from one person to another in a blood transfusion?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates several structures in the human thorax (chest). From which part does most oxygen diffuse directly into the blood?

Gas exchange in humans

In an experiment designed to explore anaerobic respiration, two bottles are arranged in a warm room, as shown. Bottle P contains sugar, yeast and water. Bottle Q contains yeast and water. What would happen to each balloon after one day?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram shows the exchange of gases that happens during breathing and during respiration in the body. What do X and Y represent?

Gas exchange in humans

What is the primary function of sweating?

Homeostasis

While riding downhill at high speed, a student starts to lose control of her bicycle. Which substance’s concentration will start rising quickly in her blood?

Hormones

Which arrangement indicates the sequence in which these structures take part in a reflex action?

Coordination and response

The diagram depicts a person perspiring in hot weather. What role do sweat glands have in the process of sweating?

Homeostasis

Which row gives the possible harmful effects of tobacco smoke?

Drugs

Among the animals illustrated, which one is a crustacean?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which type of birth control prevents ovulation, so that no egg is released?

Sex hormones in humans

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram depicts half of a flower. Following pollination, in which location would pollen grains be present?

Sexual reproduction in plants

A pure-breeding white rat was crossed with a pure-breeding black rat, and every offspring produced was black. One offspring was then bred with a pure-breeding white rat. What is the most likely percentage of black rats among the offspring?

Monohybrid inheritance

A tall pea plant is bred with a short pea plant. Every offspring plant is tall. What are the genotypes of the tall parent plant and the offspring?

Monohybrid inheritance

What does the term mutation mean?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which two processes both cause more water vapour to enter the atmosphere?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates a food web. What do the arrows show?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram shows a section of a food web. What would be most likely to make the frog population larger?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates a bacterial cell that is to be used to make human insulin. What is placed into gap Q?

Genetic modification

The diagram illustrates one kind of plant cell. From where is this type of cell obtained?

Leaf structure

The table gives the quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for three different years. Year: 1930, carbon dioxide: $300$ parts per million Year: 1980, carbon dioxide: $330$ parts per million Year: 1990, carbon dioxide: $370$ parts per million What is the most likely reason for this change?

Pollution

Which structures can be found in a white blood cell?

Cell structure

The diagram illustrates the structure of a plant cell. This cell is part of a tissue that

Leaf structure

A student wrote the following claims about how ions move by active transport. Which of these claims are correct?

Active transport

Which diagram illustrates how a plant cell looks after being placed in pure water?

Osmosis

What colour change is observed when Benedict’s solution is heated with a reducing sugar?

Biological molecules