Oct/Nov 2010

The frequency of a signal is $2.0\,\text{MHz}$. What is the period of this signal?

Progressive waves

The value of gravitational field strength at the surface of planet P is one tenth of the value at the surface of planet Q. A body on the surface of P has a mass of $1.0\,\text{kg}$ and a weight of $1.0\,\text{N}$. What are the mass and the weight of this same body on the surface of planet Q?

Momentum and Newton's laws of motion

A body that is initially at rest explodes into two masses $M_1$ and $M_2$. They move away from each other with speeds $v_1$ and $v_2$, respectively. What is the ratio $\frac{v_1}{v_2}$?

Linear momentum and its conservation

Two experiments are performed using two trolleys with equal masses. Every moving part of each trolley is frictionless, and the surface over which they travel is also frictionless. In both experiments, trolley X travels towards trolley Y, which is initially at rest. Following the collision in experiment 1, X comes to rest and Y moves away to the right. Following the collision in experiment 2, the trolleys stick together and move away as one. What kinds of collision occur in these experiments?

Linear momentum and its conservation

A rigid L-shaped lever arm is pivoted at point $P$. Three forces act on the lever arm, as shown in the diagram. What is the magnitude of the resultant moment produced by these forces about point $P$?

Turning effects of forces

As illustrated, two parallel forces of magnitude $F$ each act on a body. What is the size of the torque produced on the body by these forces?

Turning effects of forces

A street lamp is attached to a wall using a metal rod and a cable. Which vector triangle shows the forces acting at point $P$?

Equilibrium of forces

What does the term internal energy of a system mean?

Energy conservation

A steam turbine is used to turn a generator. The turbine has input power $P_I$ and output power $P_O$. The power lost in the turbine is $P_L$, as shown below. What is the efficiency of the turbine?

Energy conservation

The diagram depicts a lift arrangement in which the elevator (mass $m_1$) is partially balanced by a heavy counterweight (mass $m_2$). What rate of energy transfer does the motor supply to the system when the elevator is moving upwards at constant speed $v$? ($g$ = acceleration of free fall)

Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

The Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean is approximately $10\,\text{km}$ deep. If sea water is taken to be incompressible and to have a density of about $1020\,\text{kg m}^{-3}$, what is the approximate pressure at that depth?

Density and pressure

A metal sphere with radius $r$ is released into a tank of water. While it descends with speed $v$, it is acted on by a drag force $F$ defined by $F = krv$, where $k$ is a constant. What are the SI base units of $k$?

SI units

A student records a few statements about solids, liquids and gases. 1. Solids are rigid since the molecules in a solid vibrate. 2. Liquids flow because the molecules in a liquid are closer together than those in a gas. 3. Gases are less dense than liquids because the molecules in a gas are moving randomly. Which of the statements are correct?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

The graph indicates the relationship between force and extension for a particular spring. What is the energy stored in the spring when the extension is $30\,\text{mm}$?

Elastic and plastic behaviour

A wire is made from a $3.0\,\text{m}$ section of metal X connected to a $1.0\,\text{m}$ section of metal Y, and its cross-sectional area is constant throughout. When a load is suspended from the wire, metal X increases in length by $1.5\,\text{mm}$ and metal Y increases in length by $1.0\,\text{mm}$. Next, the same load is suspended from a second wire with the same cross-sectional area, but this one contains $1.0\,\text{m}$ of metal X and $3.0\,\text{m}$ of metal Y. What is the overall extension of this second wire?

Stress and strain

The graph illustrates how the displacement of a particle in a wave changes with time. Which statement is true?

Progressive waves

The diagram shows a vertical cross-section of a water wave travelling from left to right. Which point shows the water moving upwards at its greatest speed?

Progressive waves

When plane-polarised light with amplitude $a$ is sent through a polarising filter, as illustrated, the amplitude of the light that emerges is $a \cos \theta$. The intensity of the incident beam is $I$. What is the intensity of the emerging light when $\theta$ is $60.0^\circ$?

Polarisation

A stationary wave is formed when two loudspeakers emit sound with the same frequency. As a microphone is moved from X to Y over a distance of $1.5\,\text{m}$, six nodes and seven antinodes are observed. What is the wavelength of the sound?

Stationary waves

Which electromagnetic wave would produce the greatest diffraction effect for an atomic lattice with spacing of about $10^{-10}\,\text{m}$?

The diffraction grating

An electron is located in an electric field with strength $5 \times 10^{4}\,\text{V m}^{-1}$. No other influence acts on the electron. The mass and charge of an electron are known. Which quantity can be worked out without needing any further information?

Momentum and Newton's laws of motion

After being accelerated, electrons are sent into the uniform electric field between two parallel plates in a vacuum. What best describes the form of the trajectory taken by the electrons in the field?

Equations of motion

Which physical quantity is obtained when electric charge is multiplied by a potential difference?

Potential difference and power

A charged particle lies in the electric field between two horizontal metal plates joined to a source of constant potential difference, as shown. The electric field exerts a force $F$ on the particle. The distance between the plates is doubled. What is the new force on the particle?

Potential difference and power

The current in the circuit shown is $4.8\,\text{A}$. In which direction do electrons flow through the resistor $R$, and at what rate do they pass through it?

Electric current

Which component is represented by the $I$-$V$ graph shown?

Resistance and resistivity

A copper wire is shaped as a cylinder and has resistance $R$. What is the resistance of a copper wire with twice the length and twice the radius?

Resistance and resistivity

A relay must be able to run $800\,\text{m}$ away from its power supply. The power supply’s internal resistance is negligible. To function, the relay needs $16.0\,\text{V}$ and a current of $0.60\,\text{A}$. A cable links the relay and the power supply, and two of the wires inside the cable are employed to deliver power to the relay. Each of these wires has a resistance of $0.0050\,\Omega\,\text{per metre}$. What is the minimum output e.m.f. from the power supply?

Potential difference and power

The diagram illustrates part of an electrical circuit. What is the total resistance of the arrangement of the three resistors?

Resistance and resistivity

The diagram illustrates a resistor arrangement. What is the overall electrical resistance between X and Y?

Resistance and resistivity

In the circuit shown, $P$ is a potentiometer with a total resistance of $10\,\Omega$ and $Q$ is a fixed resistor with a resistance of $10\,\Omega$. The battery has an e.m.f. of $4.0\,\text{V}$ and negligible internal resistance. The voltmeter has a very high resistance. The slider on the potentiometer is shifted from X to Y and a graph of voltmeter reading $V$ is drawn against slider position. Which graph would be obtained?

Potential dividers

Uranium-235 can be shown using the symbol $^{235}_{92}\text{U}$. Which row gives the numbers of nucleons, protons and neutrons in a $^{235}_{92}\text{U}$ nucleus?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

A gamma ray collides with a magnesium nucleus $^{25}_{12}\text{Mg}$, producing a sodium nucleus $^{24}_{11}\text{Na}$ and releasing one more particle. What are the nucleon number (mass number) and proton number (atomic number) of that other particle in this nuclear reaction?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

The angle through which the needle of an ammeter moves changes with the current flowing through the ammeter, as the graph shows. Which diagram could show what the scale on this meter looks like?

Practical circuits

Which nuclear equation represents the beta decay of an argon (Ar) nucleus into potassium (K)?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

The diagram illustrates a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) being used to determine the rotation rate of a flywheel. A small magnet is fixed to the flywheel. Whenever the magnet goes past the coil, a voltage pulse is produced and sent to the c.r.o. The screen of the c.r.o. is $10\,\text{cm}$ across. The flywheel is turning at approximately $3000$ revolutions per minute. Which time-base setting would show the pulses as clearly separated on the screen?

Practical circuits

In an experiment with experimental uncertainty, a constant quantity $x_0$ is measured repeatedly. A graph is drawn to display the number $n$ of occasions on which a given value $x$ is recorded. Which graph might be obtained if the measurement of $x_0$ contains a large systematic error but only a small random error?

Errors and uncertainties

A ball is projected horizontally through still air from the top of a very tall building. Air resistance acts on the ball. What happens to the horizontal and to the vertical components of the ball’s velocity?

Non-uniform motion

The velocity-time graph shown below describes a stone projected vertically upwards. Air resistance is negligible. At time zero, the stone is thrown upwards. Area $X$ corresponds to a distance of $5\,\text{m}$. Area $Y$ corresponds to a distance of $3\,\text{m}$. What is the displacement of the stone from its starting position at time $t$?

Equations of motion

For a train to come to a safe halt, it must always pass a signal showing a yellow light before reaching a signal showing a red light. The driver applies the brake at the yellow light, causing the train to decelerate uniformly until it stops exactly at the red light. The separation between the red and yellow lights is $x$. What is the least possible distance between the lights if the train speed is increased by $20\%$, while the trains’ deceleration remains unchanged?

Equations of motion

Which row gives a base quantity together with its correct SI unit?

SI units

How is the weight of a body defined?

Momentum and Newton's laws of motion

The diagram illustrates a rope bridge constructed by a student on an adventure training course. The student has weight $W$. Which equation gives the tension $T$ in the rope?

Equilibrium of forces

The diagram shows a spanner being used to tighten a nut. A force $F$ acts at right-angles to the spanner at a point $0.25\,\text{m}$ from the centre of the nut. Once the nut has been tightened completely, the applied force is $200\,\text{N}$. What is the resistive torque, in an anticlockwise direction, that stops any further tightening?

Turning effects of forces

The diagrams illustrate a metal cube hanging from a spring balance before being placed in water and while it is submerged. The balance reading decreases as a result of the immersion. Which statement is correct?

Density and pressure

A box whose weight is $200\,\text{N}$ is pushed so that it travels at a constant speed along a ramp, rising through a height of $1.5\,\text{m}$. The ramp is inclined at an angle of $30^{\circ}$ to the ground. While the box is moving, the frictional force on it is $150\,\text{N}$. What is the work done by the person?

Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

A raindrop with mass $m$ is moving straight down through the air at a constant speed $v$. The air exerts a retarding force $kv$ on the raindrop, where $k$ is a constant. The acceleration of free fall is $g$. Which expression gives the raindrop's kinetic energy?

Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

A vehicle with mass $1000\,\text{kg}$ has kinetic energy of $4.5 \times 10^5\,\text{J}$. A constant braking force of $6000\,\text{N}$ brings it to rest. What stopping distance does it have?

Energy conservation

Which units are used for work, energy and power?

SI units

Four brief paragraphs below describe the molecules in a beaker of water at $50^{\circ}C$. Which paragraph gives the correct description of the molecules?

Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

Which set of materials includes two polymers?

Elastic and plastic behaviour

For a sphere moving through a fluid, the frictional force $F$ is defined by $F = 6\pi a \eta v$, where $a$ represents the sphere’s radius, $\eta$ is a constant connected with the fluid, and $v$ is the sphere’s speed. What units does $\eta$ have?

SI units

At sea level, the pressure is about $100\,000\,\text{Pa}$. The density of sea water is $1030\,\text{kg m}^{-3}$. What is the approximate pressure $80\,\text{m}$ beneath the sea surface?

Density and pressure

Two wires P and Q are produced from the same material. Wire P starts with a diameter that is twice that of wire Q and a length that is twice that of wire Q. The same force is applied to each wire, so both wires extend elastically. What is the ratio of the extension of P to the extension of Q?

Stress and strain

To measure the mass of food in a pan, a balance is needed that is very sensitive for small masses but less sensitive for large masses. To achieve this, two springs are employed, each with a different spring constant $k$. One spring has a small spring constant, while the other has a large spring constant. Which spring arrangement would be appropriate?

Elastic and plastic behaviour

A wave has amplitude $A$ and intensity $I$. What amplitude is needed for the intensity to rise to $2I$?

Progressive waves

Which wavelength could be a value for radiation in the ultra-violet part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Electromagnetic spectrum

The diagram depicts two tubes. Apart from the ends, tube X and tube Y are the same; the lower end of tube X is closed, whereas the lower end of tube Y is open. The upper end of each tube is open. A tuning fork held above tube X makes the air resonate at frequency $f$. With tube X, there is no resonance at any frequency below $f$. Which tuning fork will cause resonance when positioned just above tube Y?

Stationary waves

A microwave transmitter sends waves at a metal plate. The waves hit the plate and are reflected back in the direction they came from. A microwave detector is then moved along the line PT. Points P, Q, R, S and T are the places where minima of intensity are recorded. The spacing between these points is found to be $15 \text{ mm}$. What is the frequency of the microwaves?

Stationary waves

A double slit experiment, carried out with light of wavelength $600 \text{ nm}$, produces fringes on a screen. The measured fringe separation is $1.0 \text{ mm}$. If the gap between the double slits and the viewing screen is increased by $2.0 \text{ m}$, the fringe separation rises to $3.0 \text{ mm}$. What is the separation of the double slits that gives rise to the fringes?

Interference

The diagram illustrates a vertical, uniform electric field in a vacuum. An electron gun sends a beam of electrons horizontally into the field. By the time the beam exits the field, what changes, if any, have happened to the electrons’ path and speed?

Equations of motion

An oil droplet of very small mass $m$ has a charge of $+q$. The p.d. between the plates is $V$ and their spacing is $d$. The droplet’s weight is equal to the electric force. (The buoyancy forces can be taken as negligible.) Which formula gives the charge on the drop?

Potential difference and power

What is the component of this displacement vector in the direction $XY$?

Scalars and vectors

Which electrical component does the symbol below represent?

Practical circuits

If a wire carries no current, which statement about the conduction electrons in that wire is correct?

Electric current

A high-resistance voltmeter placed across a battery shows $6.0\ \text{V}$. When the battery is joined in series with a lamp of resistance $10\ \Omega$, the voltmeter reading drops to $5.6\ \text{V}$. Which statement accounts for this observation?

Practical circuits

A battery with e.m.f. $12\ \text{V}$ and internal resistance $2.0\ \Omega$ is arranged in series with an ammeter whose resistance is negligible and an external resistor. Several different values of external resistance are used. Which pair of current and resistor value is incorrect?

Practical circuits

Wire $PQ$ consists of three sections of different materials, with resistivities $\rho$, $2\rho$ and $3\rho$. A current $I$ flows through this composite wire, as shown. Which graph most accurately illustrates how the potential $V$ changes along the wire with distance $x$ measured from $P$?

Resistance and resistivity

The diagram shows a section of a circuit. What is the resistance between points $P$ and $Q$ caused by the resistance network?

Resistance and resistivity

The diagram illustrates a potential divider circuit. The light level rises. What happens to the resistance of the light-dependent resistor (LDR) and to the output voltage?

Potential dividers

Three resistors, with resistances $R_1$, $R_2$ and $R_3$, are joined in series and have a total resistance of $500\,\Omega$. If they are then connected in parallel, the total resistance is found to be $50\,\Omega$. Which values match these results?

Resistance and resistivity

During the Rutherford scattering experiment, $\alpha$-particles were directed at a very thin sheet of gold foil. A small fraction of the $\alpha$-particles was scattered by large angles. Which statement gives the correct conclusion that can be drawn directly from these results?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

Which statement about the nuclei in atoms of an element is correct?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

To determine the length of a piece of wire, a metre rule is used. The measured length is $70\,\text{cm}$ correct to the nearest millimetre. How ought this result to be shown in a table of results?

Errors and uncertainties

A counter that measures radioactive decays from a radioactive source produces the following counts for equal time intervals of time. Time intervals (min) and counts: $0$-$10$: $424$; $10$-$20$: $395$; $20$-$30$: $413$; $30$-$40$: $363$; $40$-$50$: $366$; $50$-$60$: $294$; $60$-$70$: $301$; $70$-$80$: $253$; $80$-$90$: $212$. What conclusion can be drawn from these readings?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

The value of $x$ is to be found using the equation $x = P - Q$. $P$ is recorded as $1.27 \pm 0.02\,\text{m}$. $Q$ is recorded as $0.83 \pm 0.01\,\text{m}$. Calculate the percentage uncertainty in $x$ to one significant figure.

Errors and uncertainties

A football is released from the roof of a three-storey building and drops through the air until it lands on the ground. Which quantity stays unchanged during the entire descent?

Physical quantities

A student launches a ball straight upwards in the positive direction. The ball undergoes an elastic collision with the ceiling, then bounces back and accelerates towards the student’s hand, taking $1.2\,\text{s}$ in total. Which graph most accurately shows the acceleration of the ball from the instant it leaves the hand until just before it comes back to the hand?

Equations of motion

A body in motion has uniform acceleration as it moves in a straight line between points $X$, $Y$ and $Z$. The distances $XY$ and $YZ$ are each $40\,\text{m}$. It takes $12\,\text{s}$ to go from $X$ to $Y$ and $6.0\,\text{s}$ to go from $Y$ to $Z$. What is the acceleration of the body?

Equations of motion

A particle with mass $2m$ and speed $v$ collides with a wall. After the impact, the particle rebounds along the same line. The collision is inelastic. What is one possible change in the momentum of the ball during the collision?

Momentum and Newton's laws of motion

A calculation that multiplies a potential difference by an electric charge gives which physical quantity?

Potential difference and power

Two experiments are performed with two trolleys that have the same mass. The moving parts of the trolleys are frictionless, and the surface on which they travel is also frictionless. In both experiments, trolley X travels towards trolley Y, which starts at rest. Following the collision in experiment 1, X is at rest and Y moves away to the right. Following the collision in experiment 2, the trolleys stick together and move away as one. What types of collision occur in these experiments?

Linear momentum and its conservation

A ball is projected horizontally through still air from the top of a very tall building. Air resistance acts on the ball. What happens to the horizontal component and to the vertical component of the ball’s velocity?

Non-uniform motion

For a train to come to a halt safely, it always passes a signal with a yellow light before it reaches a signal with a red light. At the yellow light, the driver applies the brake, and the train then undergoes a steady deceleration so that it stops exactly at the red light. The separation between the red and yellow lights is $x$. What is the smallest distance between the lights if the train speed is increased by $20\%$, while the deceleration of the trains remains unchanged?

Equations of motion

A street lamp is attached to a wall by means of a metal rod and a cable. Which vector triangle shows the forces acting at point P?

Equilibrium of forces

A rigid lever arm shaped like an L is mounted so that it pivots about point P. As shown in the diagram, three forces are applied to the lever arm. What is the magnitude of the resultant moment of these forces about point P?

Turning effects of forces

As illustrated, two parallel forces, each with magnitude $F$, act on a body. What is the size of the torque on the body due to these forces?

Turning effects of forces

A generator is driven by a steam turbine. The turbine receives input power $P_I$ and delivers output power $P_O$. The power lost in the turbine is $P_L$, as shown below. What is the efficiency of the turbine?

Energy conservation

The diagram illustrates a lift arrangement where the elevator (mass $m_1$) is partly balanced by a large suspended mass (mass $m_2$). At what rate is energy supplied to the system by the motor when the elevator is moving upwards at a constant speed $v$? ($g$ = acceleration of free fall)

Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

What does the term internal energy of a system mean?

Energy conservation

The graph illustrates the way force varies with extension for a particular spring. How much energy is stored in the spring when the extension is $30\,\text{mm}$?

Elastic and plastic behaviour

The diagram illustrates a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) being used to determine the rate of rotation of a flywheel. A small magnet $M$ is attached to the flywheel. Whenever the magnet moves past the coil, a voltage pulse is produced and sent to the c.r.o. The c.r.o. screen is $10\ \text{cm}$ wide. The flywheel is turning at roughly $3000$ revolutions per minute. Which time-base setting would show the pulses clearly separated on the screen?

Practical circuits

In the Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench is roughly $10\,\text{km}$ deep. If sea water is taken to be incompressible and to have a density of about $1020\,\text{kg m}^{-3}$, what is the approximate pressure at that depth?

Density and pressure

A wire is made from a $3.0\,\text{m}$ section of metal X connected to a $1.0\,\text{m}$ section of metal Y. Its cross-sectional area is constant throughout. When a load is attached to this wire, metal X extends by $1.5\,\text{mm}$ and metal Y extends by $1.0\,\text{mm}$. The same load is then attached to a second wire with the same cross-sectional area, but this time it contains $1.0\,\text{m}$ of metal X and $3.0\,\text{m}$ of metal Y. What is the overall extension of the second wire?

Stress and strain

A student notes these statements about solids, liquids and gases. 1. Solids are rigid because the molecules in a solid vibrate. 2. Liquids flow because the molecules in a liquid are closer than in a gas. 3. Gases are less dense than liquids because the molecules in a gas move randomly. Which of the statements is correct?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

A stationary wave is formed by two loudspeakers that emit sound at the same frequency. As a microphone is shifted between X and Y, which are $1.5\,\text{m}$ apart, six nodes and seven antinodes are observed. What is the wavelength of the sound?

Stationary waves

As plane-polarised light with amplitude $a$ passes through a polarising filter, as illustrated, the amplitude of the transmitted light becomes $a\cos\theta$. The intensity of the original beam is $I$. What is the intensity of the transmitted light when $\theta$ is $60.0^{\circ}$?

Polarisation

The diagram presents a vertical cross-section of a water wave travelling from left to right. At which point is the water moving upwards at maximum speed?

Progressive waves

For an atomic lattice with spacing of about $10^{-10}\,\text{m}$, which electromagnetic wave would produce the strongest diffraction effect?

Diffraction

The graph illustrates how the displacement of a particle in a wave changes with time. Which statement is true?

Progressive waves

Electrons are first accelerated and then sent into the uniform electric field between two parallel plates in a vacuum. Which option best describes the path taken by the electrons in the field?

Equations of motion

A charged particle lies in the electric field between two horizontal metal plates that are connected to a source of constant potential difference, as shown in the diagram. The electric field exerts a force $F$ on the particle. If the distance between the plates is doubled, what force will now act on the particle?

Potential difference and power

An experiment with experimental uncertainty is used to measure a fixed quantity $x_0$ repeatedly. A graph is drawn to show how many times, $n$, each measured value $x$ occurs. Which graph would be seen if the measurement of $x_0$ contains a large systematic error but only a small random error?

Errors and uncertainties

An electron is placed in an electric field of strength $5\times10^{4}\,\text{V m}^{-1}$. No other influence acts on the electron. The mass and charge of an electron are known. Which quantity could be calculated without needing any further information?

Momentum and Newton's laws of motion

A relay needs to be switched on from a point $800\,\text{m}$ away from its power supply. The power supply has negligible internal resistance. To operate, the relay needs $16.0\,\text{V}$ and a current of $0.60\,\text{A}$. A cable runs between the relay and the power supply, and two of the wires in the cable are used to deliver power to the relay. Each of these wires has a resistance of $0.0050\,\Omega$ per metre. What is the minimum output e.m.f. of the power supply?

Potential difference and power

In the circuit shown, the current is $4.8\,\text{s}^{-1}$. In which direction do electrons move through resistor $R$, and at what rate do they move?

Electric current

The diagram illustrates part of a circuit. What is the combined resistance of the three resistors together?

Resistance and resistivity

A copper wire is cylindrical and has resistance $R$. What is the resistance of a copper wire with twice the length and twice the radius?

Resistance and resistivity

In the circuit shown, $P$ is a potentiometer with total resistance $10\,\Omega$ and $Q$ is a fixed resistor with resistance $10\,\Omega$. The battery has an e.m.f. of $4.0\,\text{V}$ and negligible internal resistance. The voltmeter has a very high resistance. The slider on the potentiometer is shifted from X to Y and a graph of voltmeter reading $V$ is drawn against slider position. Which graph would be obtained?

Potential dividers

Which component is represented by the $I$-$V$ graph shown?

Resistance and resistivity

The diagram illustrates a resistor arrangement. What is the combined electrical resistance between X and Y?

Resistance and resistivity

Select the nuclear equation that describes beta decay of an argon (Ar) nucleus to potassium (K).

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

Uranium-235 can be written using the symbol $^{235}_{92}\text{U}$. Which row gives the numbers of nucleons, protons and neutrons in the nucleus of $^{235}_{92}\text{U}$?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

A signal has a frequency of $2.0\,\text{MHz}$. Calculate the period of the signal.

Progressive waves

If a gamma ray collides with a magnesium nucleus $^{25}_{12}\text{Mg}$, a sodium nucleus $^{24}_{11}\text{Na}$ is produced and one further particle is released. What are the nucleon number (mass number) and proton number (atomic number) of the additional particle formed in this nuclear reaction?

Atoms, nuclei and radiation

As the current flowing through the ammeter changes, the needle’s angular deflection varies as shown in the graph. Which diagram could show what the scale on this meter looks like?

Practical circuits

The velocity-time graph shown here describes a stone that has been projected vertically upwards into the air. Air resistance can be ignored. The stone is released upwards at time zero. Area $X$ corresponds to a distance of $5\,\text{m}$. Area $Y$ corresponds to a distance of $3\,\text{m}$. What is the stone's displacement from its starting point at time $t$?

Equations of motion

A metal sphere with radius $r$ is released into a tank of water. As it moves downward with speed $v$, it experiences a drag force $F$ given by $F = krv$, where $k$ is a constant. What are the SI base units of $k$?

SI units

The gravitational field strength at the surface of planet $P$ is one tenth of the gravitational field strength at the surface of planet $Q$. At the surface of $P$, a body has a mass of $1.0\,\text{kg}$ and a weight of $1.0\,\text{N}$. What are the mass and weight of this same body at the surface of planet $Q$?

Momentum and Newton's laws of motion

An object, initially at rest, bursts into two masses $M_1$ and $M_2$, which move in opposite directions with speeds $v_1$ and $v_2$ respectively. What is the ratio $\dfrac{v_1}{v_2}$?

Linear momentum and its conservation