What is meant by the Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry definition of an acid?
Draw diagrams to illustrate hydrogen bonding between alanine's carboxylic acid and amino groups and water molecules.
Draw the structure for the zwitterionic form of glycine.
Alanine can be made by reacting $\text{CH}_3\text{CHClCO}_2\text{H}$ with excess ammonia. Outline a mechanism for this reaction using curly arrows.
Amino acids can produce different ions at different pH values. Suggest the structures of the ions formed from the $\alpha$-amino acids below at the stated pH value. - lysine at pH $1$ - aspartic acid at pH $14$
How many different dipeptides can be synthesised, if each one contains two of the three amino acids alanine, serine and lysine?
Write the structural formula for one dipeptide that contains serine and alanine.
Define the term stereoisomerism precisely.
Which of the structures G, H or J is the same as structure F?
The other two structures, G, H or J, are two of the three remaining possible optical isomers of threonine. Complete the partial structure below to show the fourth optical isomer.