Nitrogen compounds

Each year, more than one million tonnes of hydrogen cyanide, HCN, are made by the Andrussow process. The overall equation for the reaction is shown. $\text{CH}_4(g) + \text{NH}_3(g) + \tfrac{3}{2}\text{O}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons \text{HCN}(g) + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}(g)$

Feb/March 2016

Methylamine, $\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2$, has chemical properties that are very similar to those of ammonia, $\text{NH}_3$. When methylamine reacts with hydrogen chloride, a white crystalline salt called methylammonium chloride is produced. $\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2 + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{NH}_3^+\text{Cl}^-$ A sample of methylammonium chloride is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide. Which products are formed?

Feb/March 2017

Which row gives a suitable starting material and reagent that can be used to prepare butanenitrile?

Feb/March 2020

Which statements about the ammonium ion are correct?

May/June 2011

How can a good yield of ethylamine be obtained from bromoethane as the starting material?

May/June 2012

Urea is formed during animal metabolism. It may also be used as a fertiliser. The diagram indicates angle $x$ in this molecule. Which of the following statements about the structure of urea are correct?

May/June 2015

The structure of coniine is shown here. Coniine may be prepared by allowing ammonia to react with a dibromo compound, X. $\text{NH}_3 + \text{C}_8\text{H}_{16}\text{Br}_2 \rightarrow \text{coniine} + 2\text{HBr}$ State the name of compound X.

May/June 2019

Heating a mixture of $\text{Ca(OH)}_2$ and $\text{NH}_4\text{Cl}$ gives gaseous products, which are then sent through solid $\text{CaO}$. One gaseous substance, W, is obtained. When a sample of W is allowed to react with $\text{Cl}_2(\text{g})$, two gases, X and Y, are formed. X is an element, whereas Y is acidic. Y reacts with W to form Z. Identify X and Z.

May/June 2021

J dissolves in water, forming aqueous solution K. When aqueous silver nitrate is added to K, a dense white precipitate is produced. On heating K with aqueous potassium hydroxide, a gas is released that turns moist universal indicator paper blue. Identify J.

May/June 2023

Which particle has nitrogen in the same oxidation state as in the ion $\text{N}_2\text{O}_2^{2-}$?

May/June 2023

Compound W is made up of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms. When Compound W is reacted with $\text{HCl(aq)}$, propanoic acid is formed. Which row is correct?

May/June 2025

Which row shows pentanenitrile as one of the products?

May/June 2025

A car that uses lead-free fuel is fitted with a catalytic converter in its exhaust system. Analysis of the exhaust gases shows that small amounts of nitrogen oxides are present. Which changes would lead to a lower concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust?

Oct/Nov 2010

Mohr’s salt is a pale green crystalline solid that dissolves in water. It contains two cations, one of which is $\text{Fe}^{2+}$, and one anion, which is $\text{SO}_4^{2-}$. The second cation was identified by heating solid Mohr’s salt with solid sodium hydroxide, when a colourless gas was given off. This gas dissolved easily in water to produce an alkaline solution. A grey-green solid residue was also produced, and this residue did not dissolve in water. What are the identities of the gas and the solid residue?

Oct/Nov 2012

Which reactions produce a coloured organic product?

Oct/Nov 2014

Chloroethane may be converted into sodium propanoate. $\text{chloroethane} \rightarrow Q \rightarrow \text{sodium propanoate}$ The intermediate, $Q$, is then hydrolysed using boiling aqueous sodium hydroxide to form sodium propanoate. Which reagent would be needed to form the intermediate, $Q$, from chloroethane?

Oct/Nov 2016

Which of the following statements about ammonia are correct?

Oct/Nov 2019

What type of reaction takes place when solid ammonium sulfate is warmed with an excess of sodium hydroxide solution?

Oct/Nov 2019

Which substance, when heated with aqueous ammonium chloride, would generate an alkaline gas?

Oct/Nov 2020

Which of the following statements concerning ammonium chloride are correct?

Oct/Nov 2021