In the box above, suggest the structural formula of intermediate compound $E$.
In the box below, suggest the structural formula of the starting compound required to make phenylalanine by the general reaction above.
What is meant by a protein?
Using alanine as an example, draw a diagram to show how proteins are formed from amino acids. Include two repeat units in your answer.
State the reagents and conditions required for this hydrolysis.
Draw the structures of products $G$ and $H$ in the boxes above.
Draw the zwitterionic structure of alanine.
Suggest the structural formulae of the zwitterions that may be formed from the compounds below.
What is meant by the term buffer?
Write an equation to show how a solution of alanine, $\\text{CH}_3\\text{CH(NH}_2)\\text{CO}_2\\text{H}$, acts as a buffer in the presence of an acid such as $\\text{HCl(aq)}$.
Briefly describe how the pH of blood is controlled.
Calculate the pH of the buffer produced when $10.0\\,\\text{cm}^3$ of $0.100\\,\\text{mol dm}^{-3}$ NaOH is added to $10.0\\,\\text{cm}^3$ of $0.250\\,\\text{mol dm}^{-3}$ $\\text{CH}_3\\text{CO}_2\\text{H}$, where $pK_a = 4.76$.