(a)[3]
Describe and explain how alveoli are structurally adapted for efficient gas exchange.
(b(i))[1]
State the cause of emphysema that occurs most often.
(b(ii))[2]
With reference to the changes shown in Fig. 5.1 and Fig. 5.2, state and explain how emphysema affects the alveoli and gas exchange.
(c)[3]
State three symptoms linked with emphysema.