Biology 9700 · AS & A Level · The gas exchange system

The gas exchange system — practice question

A student examined a transverse section of the trachea from a small mammal. The student produced a plan diagram of the section, as shown in Fig. 3.1. Fig. 3.2 shows a photomicrograph of the region marked M in Fig. 3.1.
(a(i))[1]

Name the epithelium type at N.

(a(ii))[1]

Name the structures at O.

(a(iii))[1]

Name the tissue labelled P.

(b)[2]

During strenuous exercise, smooth muscle in the trachea and bronchi relaxes. Suggest the advantages of this relaxation in such periods of strenuous exercise.

(c)[2]

The walls of the trachea and bronchi include elastic fibres. These elastic fibres are formed from bundles of the fibrous protein elastin. Describe two ways in which the structure of a collagen molecule is different from the structure of the elastin molecule described above.

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This 7-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

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