Physics 5054 · O Level · Turning effect of forces

Turning effect of forces — practice question

Fig. 1.1 presents a model of the human arm. In this model, the rubber band stands for the muscle that lifts part XY of the arm upward. A mass is hung from XY, as shown in Fig. 1.2. The weight of section XY is negligible, and the model is in equilibrium.
(a(i))[2]

State two ways in which the dimensions of the rubber band change as the mass is added to section XY.

(a(ii))[1]

State the form of energy stored in the stretched rubber band.

(b(i))[2]

State what the principle of moments says.

(b(ii))[1]

Explain why the force exerted by the rubber band on section XY is greater than the weight of the mass.

(b(iii))[2]

The mass hanging from section XY in Fig. 1.2 weighs $4.0\,\text{N}$. Calculate the force that the rubber band exerts on section XY.

(b(iv))[1]

Explain how your answer to (b)(iii) changes if the weight of section XY cannot be ignored.

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