(a)[2]
Explain why evaporation causes the temperature of liquid X to decrease.
(b(i))[3]
The induction heater has a coil of wire carrying a high-frequency alternating current (a.c.). The alternating current in the coil produces a current in the base of the iron beaker by electromagnetic induction. Explain how electromagnetic induction generates the current in the base of the iron beaker.
(b(ii))[3]
The current in the base of the iron beaker makes the base hot. The temperature of the liquid at point P just above the base rises. Explain, in terms of particles, why the density of liquid X decreases as its temperature increases.
(b(iii))[2]
The fall in density of the liquid at point P causes thermal energy to be transferred throughout liquid X. Explain how this happens.