There is $160\,\text{cm}^3$ of water in the measuring cylinder. On Fig. 1.1, show the water level and include the meniscus.
The student makes sure that the temperature of the water added on each occasion is $70\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. Suggest how this is done.
The student carries out the experiment again and gets three sets of readings, as shown in Table 1.1. Calculate the average temperature $\theta_{av}$ for a total volume of hot water added $V = 150\,\text{cm}^3$. Write your answer in Table 1.1 to a suitable number of significant figures.
On Fig. 1.2, plot $\theta_{av}$/^{\circ}C on the y-axis against $V/\text{cm}^3$ on the x-axis. Begin both axes at the origin $(0,0)$. Draw a smooth curved best-fit line.
Your graph indicates that $\theta_{av}$ is not directly proportional to $V$. Describe how your graph indicates this and suggest why $\theta_{av}$ is not directly proportional to $V$.
The student repeats the experiment with insulation wrapped around the beaker. On your graph in Fig. 1.2, sketch a line to show the results with insulation around the beaker. Label this line A.