State one similarity in the compositions of the atoms of all lithium isotopes.
State one way in which the composition of a lithium atom from one isotope differs from the composition of a lithium atom from another isotope.
Using Fig. 8.1, determine the values of X and Y for the isotope shown.
An ion of this lithium isotope carries a single positive charge and is written as $(^{X}_{Y}\mathrm{Li}^{+})$. Describe how the diagram representing this ion is different from Fig. 8.1.
Radioactive isotopes give out nuclear radiation that can have effects on living organisms. State one damaging effect of nuclear radiation.
The release of radioactive radiation from an unstable isotope is said to be random and spontaneous. State what is meant by ‘random’ and what is meant by ‘spontaneous’.