(a)[2]
Explain, using particles, why a liquid expands when it is heated.
(b(i))[1]
State the name of the method of thermal energy transfer that carries energy to the water touching the heater.
(b(ii))[3]
Explain how thermal energy is transferred through all of the water in the kettle.
(b(iii))[1]
State the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure. Give the unit in your answer.
(b(iv))[3]
The kettle contains $2.5\,\text{kg}$ of water at standard atmospheric pressure. The specific heat capacity of water is $4200\,\text{J (kg ^{\circ}C)}^{-1}$. Once the water reaches boiling temperature, the kettle switches off. Calculate the increase in the internal energy of the water.