(a(i))[1]
State how energy from the Sun passes through space on its way to Earth.
(a(ii))[2]
Explain the benefit of panels with a black surface.
(b(i))[2]
Calculate the electrical energy produced by the panels in one hour. A current of 15 A at a potential difference of 24 V is supplied.
(b(ii))[3]
During the same interval, 51 kg of cold water is pumped through the panels. Its temperature rises from $16\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ to $45\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. The specific heat capacity of water is $4200\,\text{J}\,\text{kg}^{-1}\,^{\circ}\text{C}^{-1}$. Calculate the increase in thermal energy of the water.