Measure the lengths $x$ and $D$ and note each one to the nearest $0.1\,\text{cm}$.
Use your value of $x$ from (a)(i) to calculate the length $l$ of the straw before it was cut up.
Use your value of $D$ in (a)(i) to calculate the diameter $d$ of a single straw. Give the answer to the nearest $0.01\,\text{cm}$.
Explain how the student can use a ruler together with two set squares to ensure that the measurement of $D$ is as accurate as possible. You may draw a diagram to support your explanation.
The volume $V_1$ of the straw is defined by $V_1 = \frac{3.14 d^2 l}{4}$. Use your answers from (a)(ii) and (a)(iii) to calculate $V_1$. Give the answer to 2 significant figures.
Write down the value of $V_T$ shown in Fig. 1.3.
Calculate the average volume of water $V_2$ in a single straw.
Suggest two reasons for the difference between $V_1$ and $V_2$.