Physics 5054 · O Level · Melting, boiling and evaporation

Melting, boiling and evaporation — practice question

A small glass measuring cylinder containing oil is put in a freezer held at $-18^\circ\text{C}$. Fig. 9.1 plots the way the oil’s temperature changes with time $t$.
(a)[3]

Suggest why the times for the temperature to fall from $20^\circ\text{C}$ to $10^\circ\text{C}$ and from $0^\circ\text{C}$ to $-10^\circ\text{C}$ are not the same.

(b)[3]

Explain what happens to the molecules of the oil and what happens to the level of the oil in the glass measuring cylinder as the temperature drops from $20^\circ\text{C}$ to $0^\circ\text{C}$.

(c(i))[1]

Determine the temperature at which the oil melts.

(c(ii))[3]

Explain, in terms of molecules, why the temperature of the oil stays the same between $t = 3600\,\text{s}$ and $t = 10800\,\text{s}$.

(d(i))[2]

Calculate the energy transferred from the oil between $t = 3600\,\text{s}$ and $t = 10800\,\text{s}$. The mass of oil is $45\,\text{g}$ and the specific latent heat of fusion is $5.7 \times 10^{4}\,\text{J kg}^{-1}$.

(d(ii))[1]

Calculate the average rate at which energy is transferred from the oil between $t = 3600\,\text{s}$ and $t = 10800\,\text{s}$.

(e)[2]

Use the graph in Fig. 9.1 to compare the specific heat capacity of oil in the liquid and solid states and explain how you know.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 15-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: (oil) starts hotter or ends cooler

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