Physics 5054 · O Level · Energy

Energy — practice question

A student carries out an experiment using a glass ball and a metal ball. Fig. 2.1 presents the apparatus he uses. The glass ball is put on a cloth-covered bench at the base of a slope. The metal ball is then let go from the top of the slope. It travels down the slope and then collides with the glass ball.
(a(i))[1]

In Fig. 2.1, indicate the height $h$.

(a(ii))[1]

In Fig. 2.1, indicate the distance $d$.

(a(iii))[1]

Suggest an item of apparatus that could be used to measure these two lengths.

(a(iv))[1]

The experiment is done again. The glass ball moves the following distances: $23.5\,\text{cm},\;20.8\,\text{cm},\;22.3\,\text{cm}$. Calculate the average distance $d_{av}$ travelled.

(a(v))[2]

The initial gravitational potential energy $E$ of the metal ball at the top of the slope is found from $E = mgh$, where $g$ is $10\,\text{N kg}^{-1}$ and $m$ is the mass of the metal ball. The metal ball has mass $m$ of $0.0081\,\text{kg}$. The height $h$ of the ramp is $0.120\,\text{m}$. Calculate $E$, giving your answer to $2$ significant figures.

(b(i))

Complete the table for the metal ball of mass $0.0081\,\text{kg}$ using your answers to (a)(iv) and (a)(v).

(b(ii))[4]

On Fig. 2.3, draw the graph of $d_{av}/\text{cm}$ on the $y$-axis against $E/\text{J}$ on the $x$-axis. Begin both axes at the origin $(0,0)$. Draw the smooth best-fit curve.

(c)[1]

Suggest a reason why the student covers the bench with a cloth.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 11-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: The length $h$ is shown

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