May/June 2025

This question concerns Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent’s future. Study the sources (Insert) carefully before answering the questions that follow.

Contributions of Jinnah, Iqbal and Rahmat Ali

Section B Answer any two questions from this section.

Location of administrative areas and cities

Describe the main terms set out in the Government of India Act, 1935.

Mineral resources

Describe the main features of Sheikh Mujib’s Six Points.

Renewables

Describe the principal features of the Eighth Amendment.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Zia-ul-Haq 1971–88

Fig. 1.1 shows a map of a mountain range in southern and western Pakistan. On the map you can see latitude and longitude, a scale from 0-300 km, provincial boundaries, an international boundary, cities such as Peshawar and Quetta, provinces named KPK, Punjab, Balochistan and Sindh, the Arabian Sea, and a mountain range called the Sulaiman Range. The country marked W and the city marked X are also shown.

Natural topography

This item is about climate and weather in Pakistan.

Climate

This question focuses on power and energy resources in Pakistan.

Sources of power

This question concerns transport systems in Pakistan.

Internal transport

Study Fig. 5.1, which contains pie charts showing the proportion of people employed in urban and rural areas of Pakistan in 1990 and 2020. Using Fig. 5.1 only: - what proportion of people were employed in urban areas in 1990? …………………..% - by how much did the proportion of people employed in rural areas fall between 1990 and 2020? …………………..%

Employment