Chemistry 5070 · O Level · Reversible reactions and equilibrium

Reversible reactions and equilibrium — practice question

Hydrogen combines with halogens to make hydrogen halides.
(a)[1]

Predict which halogen reacts most violently with hydrogen.

(b(i))[2]

Hydrogen reacts with chlorine in an exothermic reaction. $\text{H}_2(g) + \text{Cl}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{HCl}(g)$, $\Delta H = -185\,\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$. Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond forming, why this reaction is exothermic.

(b(ii))[2]

Each mole of chlorine molecules that reacts releases 185 kJ of energy. Calculate the amount of energy released when 106.5 g of chlorine reacts.

(c(i))[2]

Hydrogen reacts with iodine in a reversible reaction. $\text{H}_2(g) + \text{I}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{HI}(g)$, $\Delta H = +53\,\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$. The reaction is studied at a temperature of $400\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. Describe and explain what happens to the position of equilibrium if the pressure is increased.

(c(ii))[2]

The reaction is studied at 25 atmospheres pressure. Describe and explain what happens to the position of equilibrium if the temperature is decreased.

(d(i))[1]

Hydrogen iodide dissolves in water to form hydroiodic acid, HI(aq). Hydroiodic acid is a strong acid. Write an equation to show the dissociation of hydroiodic acid.

(d(ii))[1]

Calcium reacts with hydroiodic acid. Write the equation for this reaction.

(d(iii))[1]

Hydroiodic acid reacts with sodium carbonate. Write the ionic equation for this reaction.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 12-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Fluorine (F₂)

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