Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
$\text{CaCO}_3(s) + 2\text{HCl}(aq) \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2(aq) + \text{CO}_2(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l)$
A student examines how the rate of this reaction changes at three different temperatures using the apparatus shown. In each trial, the student adds dilute hydrochloric acid to an excess of calcium carbonate. The volume of carbon dioxide in B is measured every 30 seconds.
(a)[1]
What is meant by an excess of calcium carbonate?
(b)[2]
Name the two pieces of apparatus, A and B.
(c)[1]
The student does experiment 1 at $20\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. Name a piece of apparatus that can be used to keep the temperature constant.
(d)[2]
The student carries out two further experiments: experiment 2 at $40\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ and experiment 3 at $60\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. Suggest two variables that the student keeps constant so that temperature is the only variable affecting the rate of reaction.
(e(i))[1]
Describe how the graphs are used to decide which experiment has the fastest rate.
(e(ii))[1]
Write a number in each box on the graph to identify experiments 1, 2 and 3.
(e(iii))[1]
State how the graph shows that the reactions stop.
(e(iv))[1]
Why do the reactions stop?
Worked solution & mark scheme
This 10-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: “More than is needed / some remains after the reaction (to react with hydrochloric acid)” …