Name the process by which petroleum (crude oil) is split into fractions.
Name another fraction obtained from petroleum (crude oil), then state one large-scale use of that fraction.
Petroleum (crude oil) does not provide enough fractions with smaller hydrocarbon molecules, such as petrol (gasoline). Instead, petroleum contains a large proportion of bigger hydrocarbon molecules such as naphtha. Describe how the need for smaller hydrocarbon molecules is met.
The structure of chloroethene is shown. Chloroethene is the monomer from which poly(chloroethene) is made. Poly(chloroethene) is non-biodegradable. Explain what is meant by the term non-biodegradable.
Describe one environmental issue resulting from the disposal of non-biodegradable plastics.
Draw the partial structure of poly(chloroethene). Include at least two repeat units.
A factory uses 100 tonnes of chloroethene to make poly(chloroethene). Deduce the mass of poly(chloroethene) produced. Assume the percentage yield is 100%. Explain your answer.
Chloroethene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. Suggest the structure of the product formed in this reaction.