(a)[1]
Name apparatus X.
(b)[1]
State why it is important to have a lid on X.
(c)[2]
State why the start line is: • above the level of the solvent • drawn in pencil.
(d)[2]
The $R_f$ value for one of the dyes in the food colouring is $0.60$. During the separation, this dye moves $5.7\,\text{cm}$. Calculate the distance travelled by the solvent during the separation.