(a)[1]
Draw the structure of butanoic acid so that every atom and every bond is shown.
(b)[2]
Describe how the particles in liquid butanoic acid move and how they are arranged.
(c)[1]
The melting point of butanoic acid is $-4\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. The boiling point of butanoic acid is $166\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. Deduce the physical state of butanoic acid at $0\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. Explain your answer.
(d)[3]
Show by calculation that butanoic acid is in excess when $5.28\,\text{g}$ of butanoic acid is added to $56.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of $0.500\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$ sodium carbonate.
(e)[1]
Construct the equation for magnesium reacting with butanoic acid.
(f)[2]
Describe another method for determining the pH of aqueous butanoic acid.