(a)[3]
Describe how ethanol is manufactured by fermentation.
(b)[1]
Ethanol may be oxidised by oxygen to give ethanoic acid. Write the equation for this reaction.
(c)[1]
Heat a sample of ethanol with ethanoic acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst. Draw the structure of the product formed in this reaction. Show all atoms and all bonds.
(d)[2]
The complete combustion of one mole of ethanol gives $1350\,\text{kJ}$ of energy. A sample of ethanol reacts with excess oxygen to produce $0.240\,\text{dm}^3$ of carbon dioxide, measured at room temperature and pressure. Calculate the energy released, in kJ, in this reaction. $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} + 3\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 3\text{H}_2\text{O} + 2\text{CO}_2$