(a)[1]
Petrol is a blend of hydrocarbons that contains octane, $\text{C}_8\text{H}_{18}$. Explain why octane counts as a hydrocarbon.
(b(i))[2]
Explain the formation of carbon monoxide, CO, in a petrol engine. Include a symbol equation.
(b(ii))[2]
Explain the formation of nitrogen monoxide, NO, in a petrol engine. Include a symbol equation.
(c(i))[2]
Explain why the reaction $2\text{CO}(g) + 2\text{NO}(g) \rightarrow 2\text{CO}_2(g) + \text{N}_2(g)$ includes both oxidation and reduction.
(c(ii))[1]
The reaction uses platinum metal as the catalyst. Explain how a catalyst speeds up a reaction.
(c(iii))[2]
State and explain how raising the temperature affects the rate of this reaction.
(c(iv))[2]
State and explain how lowering the pressure affects the rate of this reaction.