Chemistry 5070 · O Level · Acid–base titrations

Acid–base titrations — practice question

A learner examines how temperature changes when an acid neutralises aqueous potassium hydroxide. The ionic equation for the reaction is shown: $\mathrm{H^+ + OH^- \rightarrow H_2O}$. This reaction releases heat. The temperature change is then used to find the concentration of hydrogen ions in an acid. X is an acid with concentration 0.80 mol/dm^3. Y is 2.0 mol/dm^3 potassium hydroxide. The learner: step 1 fills the burette with Y; step 2 places a plastic cup inside a beaker; step 3 uses a volumetric pipette to transfer 25.0 cm^3 of X into the plastic cup; step 4 measures the starting temperature of X and writes it in Table 2.1; step 5 adds 5.0 cm^3 of Y from the burette to the plastic cup; step 6 stirs the mixture for 30 seconds and enters the mixture temperature in Table 2.1; step 7 repeats steps 5 and 6 until a total of 40.0 cm^3 of Y has been added. Fig. 2.1 on page 6 shows two thermometer readings in ^{\circ}C from the experiment.
(a)[4]

Fill in Table 2.1 by taking the readings for 10.0 cm^3 and 35.0 cm^3 from Fig. 2.1, then subtracting the initial temperature of X from each one to find the temperature change. All temperatures and temperature changes should be written to +/- 0.5^{\circ}C.

(b)[5]

On Fig. 2.2, draw a graph of temperature change (y-axis) against the volume of Y (x-axis). Draw a line of best fit through the points where the temperature change rises. Draw another line of best fit through the points where the temperature change falls. Continue both lines until they cross.

(c)[1]

Locate the point where the two lines meet on the graph. Work out the volume of Y at this point.

(d)[1]

Y is 2.0 mol/dm^3 potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide has the formula KOH. Calculate the number of moles of hydroxide ions, OH^-, in the volume of Y in (c).

(e)[1]

The volume of Y in (c) is the amount needed to neutralise 25.0 cm^3 of X completely. Use your answer to (d) to calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions, H^+, in X. $\mathrm{H^+ + OH^- \rightarrow H_2O}$

(f)[1]

Suggest why 25 cm^3 of X is measured with a volumetric pipette rather than a measuring cylinder.

(g)[1]

Suggest why the mixture is stirred in step 6.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 14-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: M1: temperature reading at 10 ^{\circ}C

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