Circulatory system

Table 2.1 displays the amount of blood delivered to different body parts at rest and while doing strenuous exercise.

May/June 2015

In a muscle, which two substances undergo a net transfer from the plasma to the tissue fluid?

May/June 2019

In a muscle, which two substances undergo net transfer from the plasma into the tissue fluid?

May/June 2019

Electronic cigarettes are a substitute for cigarettes that makes it possible to inhale nicotine without the other substances present in cigarette smoke. Which effects of smoking cigarettes will also be effects of using electronic cigarettes?

May/June 2021

The human heart pushes blood through blood vessels so that it circulates all around the body.

May/June 2023

Mammals possess a double circulatory system. What does the term double circulatory system mean?

May/June 2025

Fig. 2.1 gives a front-facing vertical section of a human heart, with chambers X and Y marked.

Oct/Nov 2015

Fig. 3.1 illustrates how blood pressure alters as blood passes through part of the circulatory system, starting in the right atrium, going to the lungs, and finishing in the pulmonary vein.

Oct/Nov 2015

The diagram illustrates the movement of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid. What might the numbered substances be?

Oct/Nov 2016

In a muscle, which two substances undergo net movement from the plasma into the tissue fluid?

Oct/Nov 2016

Describe the double circulation of blood in the human circulatory system and the separate functions of the two circuits.

Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram illustrates a fetus inside the uterus. In which region is the oxygen concentration greatest?

Oct/Nov 2017

The diagram illustrates chemicals being exchanged between some cells and a blood capillary. Which substances might P and Q be?

Oct/Nov 2018

The diagram illustrates chemicals moving between certain cells and a blood capillary. What might chemicals P and Q be?

Oct/Nov 2018

What does double circulation mean?

Oct/Nov 2019

In what way is blood flow through the lungs different from blood flow through the rest of the body?

Oct/Nov 2019

Which route does oxygenated blood take through the human body?

Oct/Nov 2020

Through what route does blood travel around the body?

Oct/Nov 2022

The graph illustrates one person’s pulse rate across a time interval in which they are resting, riding an exercise bike, and then resting once more. At what point did the person cease pedalling?

Oct/Nov 2023

A pulse oximeter is a device that clips onto the tip of a finger. It records the heart rate (pulse rate) in beats per minute and the percentage of oxygen in the blood (%SpO$_2$). A student used a pulse oximeter to study how exercise affects heart rate and the percentage of oxygen in the blood. Before exercising, the student took three readings from the pulse oximeter (0, 1 and 2 minutes). They then exercised for five minutes. At the end of five minutes, they took four more readings at one minute intervals (7, 8, 9 and 10 minutes). Some of the results are shown in Table 2.1. The photograph in Fig. 2.1 shows the pulse oximeter readings at 1 minute.

Oct/Nov 2023

What is the role of the hepatic vein?

Oct/Nov 2025