A machine dispenses a hot drink into a plastic cup, and the cup is uncomfortably hot to hold. Fig. 5.1 shows the cup containing the hot drink. Fig. 5.2a shows the cup with the hot drink and a holder fitted around the sides of the cup. Fig. 5.2b shows a cross-section through the holder. The holder is made from two strong paper cylinders with a wavy piece of strong paper between them to create air gaps. The diagrams label: hot drink, plastic cup, holder.
(a)[3]
Explain why using the holder makes the cup more comfortable to hold.
(b)[3]
Suggest and explain another action that reduces the rate of cooling more effectively.
(c)[1]
State the method by which thermal energy moves from a star across the vacuum of space.
Worked solution & mark scheme
This 7-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: “air acts as a good insulator / poor conductor” …