A cloud chamber can be used to detect α (alpha)-particles and β (beta)-particles. Alcohol inside the cloud chamber is in vapour form and then condenses on ions formed in the air, creating visible tracks.
Fig. 10.1 shows the tracks when a source of α-particles and β-particles is in the cloud chamber. Some tracks are short and thick. Other tracks are longer and thinner.
(a)[3]
State and explain which tracks are made by α-particles and which tracks are made by β-particles.
(b(i))[2]
Describe what is meant by the term isotope.
(b(ii))[3]
Write down the nuclide equation for the decay of this sodium isotope into magnesium.
(b(iii))[2]
Suggest why these properties of the sodium isotope and the magnesium isotope make this sodium isotope suitable for finding leaks from water pipes.
Worked solution & mark scheme
This 10-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: “α tracks short/thick; β tracks long/thin” …