Feb/March 2019

A tap lets water drip into a measuring cylinder. The table gives the amount of water in the cylinder at each minute during four minutes: time $/ \text{minutes}$: $0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0$ volume of water $/ \text{cm}^3$: $0, 27, 57, 83, 112$ What is the mean volume of water gathered in the cylinder per minute?

Physical quantities and measurement techniques

Which source of energy generates electrical energy by producing steam?

Energy, work and power

What unit is used for power?

Energy, work and power

The diagram illustrates a U-tube manometer that contains three liquids: mercury, liquid X and liquid Y. Neither liquid X nor liquid Y is miscible with mercury. Which row compares the pressure applied by liquid X and by liquid Y to the mercury, and the density of liquid X and the density of liquid Y?

Pressure

Which diagram shows an athlete applying the smallest pressure to the ground?

Pressure

A car tyre passes over a nail, creating a puncture. The air inside the tyre escapes. Why does the air escape from the tyre?

Pressure

On a cold day, a metal measuring tape marked in millimetres is used to find the separation between two fence posts. The reading on the tape is $3.000\,\text{m}$. On a much hotter day, the same metal measuring tape is then used again to measure the length of that same distance. The metal measuring tape is at a higher temperature than the ground, while the ground temperature stays unchanged. Which statement is correct?

Thermal properties and temperature

A thermometer is marked with graduations beginning at $-10\,^\circ\text{C}$ and finishing at $110\,^\circ\text{C}$. What are the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point of the Celsius scale?

Thermal properties and temperature

Which row shows the process of melting?

Kinetic particle model of matter

Four campers are heating their food over a fire. They use rods made from different materials, all of the same dimensions, to keep their food close to the fire. Which material would be the best choice to stop their hands from becoming too hot?

Transfer of thermal energy

A beaker containing water is heated, and thermal energy is transferred through the water by convection. What happens to the water’s density when it is heated, and in what way does the water move?

Transfer of thermal energy

An object is travelling with steady deceleration. Which statement correctly describes its motion?

Motion

The diagram illustrates a wave before reflection at a barrier. Which labelled part of the diagram shows a wavefront?

General properties of waves

The diagram illustrates a transverse wave. Which distance corresponds to one wavelength?

General properties of waves

A ray of light is reflected from a plane mirror. Which row gives the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

Light

Which diagram shows the rays of light travelling through a converging lens in a camera correctly?

Light

Which of the following statements about microwaves is correct?

Electromagnetic spectrum

A sound pulse is emitted from the underside of a boat. It moves through the water and is then reflected by the sea-bed. After $1.3\,\text{s}$, the sound returns to the boat. The sea-bed is $1000\,\text{m}$ beneath the boat. Using this information, what is the speed of sound in the water?

Sound

Which action would fail to magnetise a rod?

Simple phenomena of magnetism

The ends of three metal rods are examined by bringing end Q of rod 1 near the others one by one. The observations are listed below. End Q attracts end R. End Q attracts end S. End Q attracts end T. End Q repels end U. Which of the metal rods is a magnet?

Simple phenomena of magnetism

Which of the following statements about a voltmeter is correct?

Electric circuits

Four wires are made from the same metal. Which wire would have the smallest resistance?

Electrical quantities

A ball travels down a ramp. The time taken to go from X to Y is recorded. Which additional quantity has to be measured in order to calculate the average speed of the ball between point X and point Y?

Motion

A student assembles a circuit with a battery made up of two cells and three lamps, as shown. Which circuit diagram represents this arrangement?

Electric circuits

The diagrams illustrate different resistor arrangements. Which arrangement has the lowest total resistance?

Electric circuits

The diagram illustrates a potential divider circuit. The resistance of the variable resistor is made larger. Which row shows the effect on the reading on voltmeter P and on voltmeter Q?

Electric circuits

The current in a kettle is $10\,\text{A}$, and the kettle is safeguarded by a $13\,\text{A}$ fuse. The owner of the kettle changes the $13\,\text{A}$ fuse to a $3\,\text{A}$ fuse. What occurs when the kettle is turned on?

Electric circuits

A student wants to show electromagnetic induction. He has a magnet and connecting wires. What other apparatus does he require?

Electromagnetic effects

A transformer is connected to a $240\,\text{V}$ a.c. supply, as shown in the diagram. What is the potential difference across the transformer’s secondary coil?

Electromagnetic effects

A coil that carries current is placed in a magnetic field. What effect acts on the coil?

Electromagnetic effects

Which of the following statements about atomic structure is correct?

The nuclear model of the atom

What is meant by isotopes of an element?

The nuclear model of the atom

A student measures the level of radiation given off by a radioactive sample. The table lists the counter readings she records during a short interval of time: $106$, $96$, $98$, $100$ counts per minute. After the sample is taken away, the counter then gives a background radiation reading of $4$ counts per minute. What is the best estimate of the average count rate from the radioactive sample?

Radioactivity

An astronaut is travelling in a space station that is moving in orbit above the Earth. Within the space station, the acceleration due to gravity is $7.5\,\text{m s}^{-2}$. At the Earth’s surface, the acceleration due to gravity is $10\,\text{m s}^{-2}$. Which statement about the astronaut’s mass and weight in the space station is correct?

Mass and weight

Four students are talking about ideas on radioactive decay. Which student’s statement is correct?

Radioactivity

A bottle of cooking oil when completely full has a mass of $1.30\,\text{kg}$. After precisely half of the oil has been used, the combined mass of the bottle and the oil left inside is $0.90\,\text{kg}$. What is the mass of the bottle when it is empty?

Mass and weight

A solid ball has a volume of $4.0\,\text{cm}^3$. Its density is $1.6\,\text{g cm}^{-3}$. Calculate the mass of the ball.

Density

Which property of an object cannot be altered by applying forces?

Mass and weight

The spring’s extension/load graph is shown below. The unstretched length of the spring is $15.0\,\text{cm}$. When an object with unknown weight is hung from the spring, the spring’s length becomes $16.4\,\text{cm}$. What weight does the object have?

Forces

The diagram shows a wooden beam with two forces acting on it. In which direction will the beam move?

Forces

Which row indicates the most suitable measuring instruments for obtaining accurate readings for the distances shown?

Physical quantities and measurement techniques

A steady force acts on a body and causes the body's momentum to increase. Which expression links the force with the momentum and the time taken?

Momentum

A car with mass $1500\,\text{kg}$ is travelling at $20\,\text{m s}^{-1}$. It then speeds up until its velocity reaches $25\,\text{m s}^{-1}$. What is the increase in the car’s kinetic energy?

Energy, work and power

Which source of energy generates electrical energy by making steam?

Energy, work and power

A car moving along a straight, level road has $1.6\,\text{MJ}$ of kinetic energy. It speeds up for $20\,\text{s}$ until its kinetic energy becomes $2.5\,\text{MJ}$. What average power output is needed to raise the car’s kinetic energy?

Energy, work and power

Which diagram shows the athlete applying the smallest pressure to the ground?

Pressure

The diagram represents a U-tube manometer filled with three liquids: mercury, liquid X and liquid Y. Liquid X and liquid Y do not mix with mercury. Which row compares the pressure applied to the mercury by liquid X and by liquid Y, together with the density of liquid X and the density of liquid Y?

Pressure

Gas molecules create pressure when they strike the walls of a container. Which statement is correct?

Kinetic particle model of matter

A thermometer is marked from $-10\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ at the bottom to $110\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ at the top. Which are the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point of the Celsius scale?

Thermal properties and temperature

For a $1\,\text{kg}$ block of aluminium, more thermal energy is needed to increase the temperature by $1\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ than for a $1\,\text{kg}$ block of copper. Why is this?

Thermal properties and temperature

Four campers are heating their food over a fire. They each use a rod of identical dimensions to support the food close to the flames. Which material would be the best option for stopping their hands from becoming too hot?

Transfer of thermal energy

An object is moving and has uniform deceleration. Which statement best describes its motion?

Motion

Two metal cans are the same in every respect apart from their outside finish: one has a shiny silver exterior, while the other has a dull black exterior. Each contains $300\,\text{g}$ of water at $80\,^{\circ}\text{C}$, and the water is sealed inside. Both cans are placed in a vacuum, in the darkness of outer space. What happens to the temperature of the water in each can?

Transfer of thermal energy

The diagram illustrates a wave just before it is reflected by a barrier. Which labelled part of the diagram shows a wavefront?

General properties of waves

An object that is oscillating creates waves on the surface of a liquid. The object carries out $20$ vibrations each second. The distance between adjacent crests is $3.0\,\text{cm}$. What is the speed of the waves?

General properties of waves

A thin ray of light is moving through a transparent liquid. It reaches the surface as illustrated, with an angle of incidence of $40^{\circ}$. The refractive index of the liquid is $1.5$. What is the angle of refraction when the light passes into the air?

Light

Which diagram shows correctly the paths of light rays passing through a converging lens in a camera?

Light

How fast do X-rays travel in a vacuum and in air?

Electromagnetic spectrum

A sound wave moves past a point. At that point, the air pressure rises and then falls $300$ times each second. Which statements describe this sound wave?

Sound

A boy is standing $150\,\text{m}$ away from a wall. He gives a clap, and as soon as he hears the echo, he claps again straight away. He carries on doing this for a while. Another student is using a stop-watch. She begins timing at the first clap and stops it at the eleventh clap. The stop-watch shows $10.0\,\text{s}$. What value do her measurements produce for the speed of sound in air?

Sound

The ends of three metal rods are examined by bringing end Q of rod 1 near each of the others one at a time. The observations are as follows. End Q attracts end R. End Q attracts end S. End Q attracts end T. End Q repels end U. Which one of the metal rods is the magnet?

Simple phenomena of magnetism

A metal sphere is given a charge by induction. This happens in four stages, W, X, Y and Z. W: a charged rod is moved close to the sphere X: the sphere is connected to earth Y: the charged rod is moved away from the sphere Z: the earth connection is then removed What is the correct sequence for these four stages?

Electrical quantities

The graph indicates how a car’s speed changes over part of its journey. What is the value of the car’s acceleration between $6\,\text{ s}$ and $10\,\text{ s}$?

Motion

Which electrical quantity is defined by the energy delivered in moving charge around one complete circuit?

Electrical quantities

A student builds a circuit with a battery made of two cells and three lamps, as shown. Which circuit diagram represents this arrangement?

Electric circuits

In which circuit does the lamp illuminate?

Electric circuits

Every potential divider is connected into a circuit together with a power supply. Which potential divider causes the potential difference across component Y to increase as the light intensity increases?

Electric circuits

The logic-gate arrangement shown has two inputs and one output. Which truth table shows the operation of this gate combination?

Electric circuits

A kettle carries a current of $10\,\text{A}$ and is safeguarded by a $13\,\text{A}$ fuse. The kettle’s owner changes the $13\,\text{A}$ fuse for a $3\,\text{A}$ fuse. What will occur when the kettle is switched on?

Electrical safety

Which statement correctly describes the direction of a magnetic field at a point?

Simple phenomena of magnetism

A coil carrying a current is put into a magnetic field. What effect does the coil experience?

Electromagnetic effects

What does the term isotopes of an element mean?

The nuclear model of the atom

A radioactive isotope of carbon $^{14}\text{C}$ undergoes beta decay to produce an isotope of nitrogen $^{14}\text{N}$ together with a beta particle. The reaction is represented by the equation below. $^{14}_{X}\text{C} \rightarrow {}^{14}_{7}\text{N} + {}^{0}_{Y}\beta$ What are the values of $X$ and $Y$?

Radioactivity

The gravitational field strength on the Moon is smaller than that on the Earth. Which of the following would be different if it were carried out on the Moon rather than on the Earth?

Mass and weight

A beta particle is an electron moving at high speed. Which statement explains how beta particles are released from an atom?

Radioactivity

A bottle that is completely full of cooking oil has a mass of $1.30\,\text{kg}$. After exactly half of the oil has been used, the mass of the bottle together with the oil left inside is $0.90\,\text{kg}$. What is the mass of the empty bottle?

Mass and weight

A spherical ball has a volume of $4.0\,\text{cm}^3$. Its density is $1.6\,\text{g cm}^{-3}$. What is the mass of the ball?

Density

A graph showing extension against load for a spring is shown. The spring’s unstretched length is $15.0\,\text{cm}$. When an object with an unknown weight is hung from the spring, the spring’s length becomes $16.4\,\text{cm}$. What is the weight of the object?

Forces

A $2.0\,\text{kg}$ box is dragged along the floor by a $6.0\,\text{N}$ force. The frictional force on the box is $1.0\,\text{N}$. What is the box's acceleration?

Forces

Which moving object experiences a resultant force acting on it?

Forces

Fig. 1.1 presents a collection of masses that are all made from the same material.

Mass and weight

Fig. 10.1 illustrates the apparatus used in an electrostatics experiment. The equipment comprises: iron nail, aluminium clamp and stand, cotton thread, plastic stirrup and polythene strip.

Electrical quantities

Fig. 11.1 is a diagram of a relay.

Electromagnetic effects

Astatine-210 is a radioactive substance. Its nucleus may be written using the symbol $^{210}_{85}\text{At}$.

Radioactivity

Fig. 2.1 depicts students boarding a school bus.

Motion

A load hangs from a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. Two arrows show the vertical forces on the load. The spring and the load remain stationary.

Forces

Fig. 4.1 shows a truck raising a heavy load.

Energy, work and power

Fig. 5.1 depicts part of a solar farm, where the solar panels can tilt and turn.

Energy, work and power

Fig. 6.1 shows the inside of an electric oven in side view.

Transfer of thermal energy

Both light and sound move in the form of waves.

General properties of waves

Fig. 8.1 presents a partly completed diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum. The layout places higher frequency on the left and longer wavelength on the right. The visible labels are ultraviolet, visible light and radio waves.

Electromagnetic spectrum

Fig. 9.1 and Fig. 9.2 each illustrate an electrical circuit. In both circuits, two lamps are linked to an electrical supply.

Electric circuits

Define the term acceleration.

Motion

Explain why a very high voltage is chosen.

Electromagnetic effects

Complete the nuclide equation for this decay process: $^{194}_{77}\text{Ir} \rightarrow \;\ldots\ldots\text{Pt} + \ldots\ldots\beta$.

Radioactivity

State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a wind turbine as a source of electrical energy.

Energy, work and power

State three ways in which a force may alter the motion of the object.

Forces

The height $h$ represents the atmospheric pressure value. State what is in the space labelled S.

Pressure

State the temperatures of the fixed points on a temperature scale.

Thermal properties and temperature

An electrical heater stands on the floor of a house room, and it is switched on.

Transfer of thermal energy

Complete the statements below by filling each blank with solid, liquid or gas. 1. Change of state X is from ________ to ________. 2. Change of state Y is from ________ to ________.

Kinetic particle model of matter

Fig. 8.1 presents parallel wavefronts from a light wave in ice. These wavefronts strike a boundary with air. The speed of the light wave in air is $3.0 \times 10^{8}$ m/s. The refractive index of the ice is 1.3.

Light

Fig. 9.1 gives current-potential difference (p.d.) graphs for both a resistor and a thermistor.

Electrical quantities