(a)[4]
Describe the fractional distillation of petroleum. In your answer, say where the petroleum is introduced into the fractionating column, how the temperatures compare in the fractionating column (higher or lower), how the boiling points of the fractions compare (higher or lower), and what physical state changes take place.
(b(i))[2]
What does the term cracking mean?
(b(ii))[1]
When butane is cracked, ethene and gas X are formed. $\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10} \rightarrow 2\text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + X$ State the name of gas X.
(c)[1]
Complete the sentence about the bonding in butane. All the bonds in butane are single [BLANK] chemical bonds.
(d)[1]
Which one of the following words best describes poly(ethene)? gas, monomer, polymer, solvent.