(a)[2]
State two characteristics of an equilibrium.
(b(i))[2]
State and explain, in terms of equilibrium, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen when the pressure is increased.
(b(ii))[2]
State and explain, in terms of equilibrium, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen when the temperature is increased.
(b(iii))[2]
State and explain, in terms of equilibrium, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen when a catalyst is used.
(c(i))[1]
Name a greenhouse gas that is found in clean, dry air.
(c(ii))[3]
Explain, in terms of thermal energy, how greenhouse gases lead to global warming.