A student compared the rate of reaction of excess calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid in a conical flask by using two different methods.
Method 1: Record the volume of carbon dioxide formed at 10 second intervals.
Method 2: Measure the decrease in mass of the reaction mixture by weighing at 10 second intervals.
(a(i))[1]
Suggest one benefit of Method 1 over Method 2.
(a(ii))[1]
Explain why the mass of the reaction mixture falls in Method 2.
(b)[6]
Examine the graph.
(c(i))[1]
Describe how the rate of this reaction alters with time.
(c(ii))[1]
Deduce how long it takes to collect 36 cm$^3$ of carbon dioxide.
(c(iii))[2]
Draw a line on the grid to show how the volume of carbon dioxide changes with time when smaller pieces of calcium carbonate are used.
(c(iv))[2]
Describe the effect of each change on the rate of this reaction.
• The temperature is raised. All other conditions stay the same.
• The concentration of the hydrochloric acid is lowered. All other conditions stay the same.
Worked solution & mark scheme
This 14-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: “volume readings are larger than the mass lost / the mass loss in Method 2 is too small to detect” …