Finish the energy level diagram so that it shows the reaction products and the overall energy change for the reaction.
What is represented by X?
Use the bond energy values in the table to work out the energy change, $\Delta H$, for the complete combustion of one mole of methanol.
Name the process taking place in stage 1.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction taking place in stage 1.
State two conditions needed for stage 2.
Name the type of reaction occurring in stage 2.
Suggest a method for checking the purity of the ethanol produced.
State two conditions needed for glucose fermentation.
Complete the chemical equation for glucose fermentation. $\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow \cdots\cdots \, \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} + \cdots\cdots$
Suggest why the ethanol concentration obtained by fermentation does not rise above 15%.
Give one additional disadvantage of producing ethanol by fermentation.
Give one advantage, apart from cost, of producing ethanol by fermentation.
Suggest the name of a process used to separate ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water.
Write the empirical formula of ethane-1,2-diol.
Explain why ethane-1,2-diol cannot undergo addition polymerisation.
Draw the condensation polymer produced from ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y. Show one repeat unit. Show every atom and every bond in the linkage.
Name the type of condensation polymer made from ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.