Oct/Nov 2022

Which row gives the correct description of how particles are spaced and arranged in a solid, a liquid and a gas?

Solids, liquids and gases

Which statement correctly describes the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride?

Electrolysis

If an acid is mixed with an alkali, the temperature of the reaction mixture increases. Which words describe this reaction?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

The properties of four fuels are displayed. Which fuel is a gas at room temperature and produces two products when it burns in a plentiful supply of air?

Fuels

Which process involves a physical change?

Physical and chemical changes

A student adds an excess of zinc to dilute hydrochloric acid at $25\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. The hydrogen gas formed is collected and its volume is measured at room temperature and pressure. The outcome is drawn on the graph and labelled curve X. The investigation is then carried out again at $50\,^{\circ}\text{C}$, while every other condition is kept unchanged. Which graph represents the results at $50\,^{\circ}\text{C}$?

Rate of reaction

Substance Y is a pink solid. If substance Y is warmed gently, it changes into a blue solid. When the blue solid is allowed to cool, it stays blue. If water is then added to the blue solid, it turns pink again. What is substance Y?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

If magnesium is warmed with zinc oxide, a reaction takes place. The equation is shown. $\text{Mg} + \text{ZnO} \rightarrow \text{MgO} + \text{Zn}$. Which substance undergoes oxidation?

Redox

The diagram illustrates an experiment. A small amount of aqueous P is added to solid Q and the funnel tap is then closed. Which pairs of substances make the syringe fill with gas?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

A section of the Periodic Table is shown. Which elements produce basic oxides?

Oxides

Aqueous ammonium sulfate is produced by letting aqueous ammonia react with dilute sulfuric acid. By what method is solid ammonium sulfate recovered from the solution that is formed?

Separation and purification

Which apparatus is used to measure out exactly $25.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of hydrochloric acid?

Acid–base titrations

Which statement about the Periodic Table is correct?

Arrangement of elements

A section of the Periodic Table is shown. Which element is a conductor of electricity?

Properties of metals

Some data on the properties of Group I elements are given below. Lithium has a melting point of $181\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ and a density of $0.53\,\text{g cm}^{-3}$. Sodium has a melting point of $98\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ and a density of $0.97\,\text{g cm}^{-3}$. Potassium has a melting point of $X$. Rubidium has a melting point of $Y$ and a density of $Z$. What are the values of $X$, $Y$ and $Z$?

Group I properties

Gas G has $10$ electrons. Gas H has eight more electrons than gas G. Both gases are monoatomic. Which of the following statements about G and H is correct?

Noble gases

Metal M is found between zinc and iron in the reactivity series. Which row shows how M and its oxide react?

Reactivity series

Which statement is correct about sodium?

Group I properties

Iron obtained from a blast furnace can be converted into steel. Which of the following statements about steel are correct?

Alloys and their properties

Which row matches a property of aluminium with the use that is stated?

Uses of metals

The diagram illustrates one stage in the purification of dirty water. Which process is represented by this apparatus?

Separation and purification

Which pollutant present in air pollution damages stonework and causes trees to die?

Air quality and climate

A mixture is made up of salt, sand and sulfur. Salt dissolves in water but not in xylene. Sulfur dissolves in xylene but not in water. Sand does not dissolve in water or xylene. In what sequence should the processes be carried out to separate the salt, the sand and the sulfur from the mixture?

Separation and purification

Which reaction gives off ammonia gas?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which reactions result in carbon dioxide being produced?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which element has an oxide that is used as a preservative in food?

Oxides

Which substance releases carbon dioxide when heated?

Identification of ions and gases

Which chemical formula represents ethanol?

Naming organic compounds

Fuel oil and naphtha are two fractions separated from petroleum. What are the main uses of these fractions?

Fuels

Which compound belongs to the alkene homologous series?

Alkenes

What kind of covalent bond is present in both a methane molecule and an ethane molecule?

Simple molecules and covalent bonds

A large hydrocarbon is cracked. The only two products are a smaller hydrocarbon, X, and a gas. Which row names hydrocarbon X and the gas?

Alkanes

The structures of two hydrocarbons, M and N, are illustrated. Which statement is correct?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

A diagram of an atom is shown. Which row gives the nucleon number and proton number for this atom?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Some details about four substances, P, Q, R and S, are given below. P is formed by joining many small molecules together. The molecules of Q are the largest molecules present in petroleum. R is made by cracking alkanes. S is nylon. Which of the substances are synthetic polymers?

Polymers

Which statement about an alloy is right?

Alloys and their properties

Which statements about potassium bromide are correct?

Ions and ionic bonds

Which line describes the bonding in graphite and one use of graphite?

Giant covalent structures

Caffeine is a stimulant present in coffee. Which formula shows caffeine?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

Ethane fuel, $\text{C}_2\text{H}_6$, reacts with oxygen in air to produce carbon dioxide and water. $2\text{C}_2\text{H}_6 + 7\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 4\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O}$ Which of the following statements about the combustion of ethane is correct?

Fuels

Which statement gives a description of the particles in a liquid?

Solids, liquids and gases

The electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride and molten sodium chloride is illustrated. Which substances are formed at electrodes 1 and 2?

Electrolysis

When an acid is mixed with an alkali, the temperature of the reaction mixture increases. Which words are used to describe this reaction?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Some characteristics of four fuels are given. Which fuel is gaseous at room temperature and forms two products when it burns in an excess supply of air?

Fuels

Which process counts as a physical change?

Physical and chemical changes

The volume of gas evolved during a chemical reaction is recorded as time passes. The results are shown. At what time is the rate of reaction highest?

Rate of reaction

Which row gives the colours of the named salts?

Transition elements

A reaction takes place when magnesium is heated together with zinc oxide. The equation is given as: $\text{Mg} + \text{ZnO} \rightarrow \text{MgO} + \text{Zn}$. Which substance is oxidised?

Redox

X and Y are oxides of two different elements. When X is added to water, it forms aqueous solution Z. Z causes universal indicator paper to turn blue. An aqueous solution of Y reacts with sodium carbonate and gives off carbon dioxide gas. Which statement is correct?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Copper(II) sulfate is prepared by reacting excess insoluble solid M with solution N. Which row gives the identities of M and N, together with the method used to obtain crystals of copper(II) sulfate from the reaction mixture?

Preparation of salts

Which row gives the observation when a few drops of aqueous P are added to concentrated aqueous Q?

Identification of ions and gases

The apparatus for a chromatography experiment is shown. Which line indicates the solvent’s initial depth in the beaker?

Chromatography

Which statement concerning the Periodic Table is correct?

Arrangement of elements

Elements J and K are in the same period of the Periodic Table. J reacts with acids to make a salt and hydrogen. K reacts with sodium to produce an ionic compound. Which statement about J and K is correct?

Arrangement of elements

A section of the Periodic Table is shown. Which element has a high density, a high melting point, and produces a brown oxide?

Transition elements

Gas G contains $10$ electrons. Gas H contains eight additional electrons compared with gas G. Both gases are monoatomic. Which statement about G and H is correct?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Which property is true of all metals?

Properties of metals

Silver is lower than copper in the reactivity series. Which row shows the reactions of silver?

Reactivity series

In the blast furnace, what kinds of reaction do hematite and limestone undergo?

Extraction of metals

The properties and applications of several metals are given below. 1 aluminium - low density - used in aircraft 2 copper - good conductor of electricity - wiring for electricity 3 copper - poor conductor of heat - utensils for cooking 4 stainless steel - corrodes easily - items of cutlery Which rows match a metal's use with the property given for it?

Uses of metals

The diagram shows one stage in the purification of dirty water. Which process is shown by this apparatus?

Separation and purification

Which substance in contaminated air harms stonework and kills trees?

Air quality and climate

Filtration is employed to separate mixtures. Which kind of mixture can be separated by filtration?

Separation and purification

Ammonium nitrate, $\text{NH}_4\text{NO}_3$, is a fertiliser used on fields to support the growth of crops. Slaked lime, $\text{Ca(OH)}_2$, is an alkali and is spread on fields to lower the soil’s acidity. Ammonium nitrate and slaked lime must not be applied to a field together because they react with one another to produce a gas, Z. Identify Z.

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Four reactions are displayed. Which of these reactions produce water?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which element has an oxide that serves as a food preservative?

Oxides

Which substance releases carbon dioxide when heated?

Physical and chemical changes

Which statement correctly describes both ethane and ethanol?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

Fuel oil and naphtha are two fractions separated from petroleum. What are the main uses of these fractions?

Fuels

Which homologous series of compounds undergoes a reaction to produce an addition polymer?

Alkenes

How many electrons are shared altogether in ethane, $\text{C}_2\text{H}_6$?

Simple molecules and covalent bonds

Which process is used to convert glucose into ethanol?

Alcohols

Which statement is correct about unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Alkenes

What number of neutrons are there in one atom of $^{35}_{17}\text{Cl}$?

Isotopes

An organic compound $X$ has two carbon atoms in every molecule. When $X$ reacts with aqueous sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide is given off. What is compound $X$?

Carboxylic acids

Which of the following statements about an alloy is correct?

Alloys and their properties

Which of these statements about compounds is correct?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

Which statement accounts for the use of diamond in cutting tools?

Giant covalent structures

Caffeine is a stimulant present in coffee. Which formula shows caffeine?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

What is the relative formula mass for ammonium sulfate, $(\text{NH}_4)_2\text{SO}_4$?

Relative masses of atoms and molecules

Which row shows the spacing between particles and their movement in a gas?

Solids, liquids and gases

Which equipment is used to coat a nickel object with silver?

Electrolysis

If an acid is combined with an alkali, the temperature of the reaction mixture goes up. Which words describe this reaction?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Some properties of four fuels are shown. Which fuel is a gas at room temperature and produces two products when it burns in a plentiful supply of air?

Fuels

Which process counts as a physical change?

Physical and chemical changes

Dilute hydrochloric acid is allowed to react with excess calcium carbonate, and the total volume of gas is recorded at regular intervals. The findings are represented by line W on the graph. A second trial is then carried out with one condition changed. The outcomes of this second trial are shown by line X on the graph. Which change is made in the second experiment?

Rate of reaction

When hydrated copper(II) sulfate is heated, it changes into white copper(II) sulfate. If water is then added, the white copper(II) sulfate becomes blue again. Which type of reaction is indicated by these observations?

Reversible reactions and equilibrium

A reaction happens when magnesium is heated with zinc oxide. The equation is shown. $\text{Mg} + \text{ZnO} \rightarrow \text{MgO} + \text{Zn}$. Which substance is oxidised?

Redox

Which row correctly describes sodium oxide and sulfur dioxide?

Oxides

Copper(II) sulfate is a soluble compound prepared by reacting copper(II) oxide with dilute sulfuric acid. The preparation may be carried out as follows: 1 Add excess copper(II) oxide to dilute sulfuric acid, then warm the mixture. 2 Filter to remove any copper(II) oxide that has not reacted. 3 Heat the filtrate so that most of the water is removed. 4 Allow the solution to cool, then filter out the solid copper(II) sulfate that is formed. Which row correctly displays the processes used in this preparation?

Preparation of salts

An aqueous solution is tested. When a few drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide are added, a white precipitate forms. When aqueous sodium hydroxide is then added in excess, the precipitate dissolves and a colourless solution is produced. Which cations give these results?

Identification of ions and gases

Which burette has a reading of $12.1\,\text{cm}^3$?

Acid–base titrations

Which statement concerning the Periodic Table is correct?

Arrangement of elements

E and F belong to Group I of the Periodic Table, and E has a higher melting point than F. J and L belong to Group VII of the Periodic Table, and J has a higher density than L. Which elements in each group have the greatest atomic numbers?

Arrangement of elements

What is one characteristic property of a transition element?

Transition elements

Gas G contains 10 electrons. Gas H contains eight more electrons than gas G. Both gases are monoatomic. Which statement about G and H is correct?

Noble gases

Which of the following statements about the metals zinc, magnesium, iron and sodium is correct?

Properties of metals

Which statement concerning the reactions of metals is correct?

Reactivity series

Which metal can be extracted by heating its oxide with carbon?

Extraction of metals

Which row matches the property of the stated metal to its use?

Uses of metals

The diagram illustrates one step in the purification of dirty water. Which process is shown by this apparatus?

Separation and purification

Which pollutant in polluted air damages stonework and kills trees?

Air quality and climate

A solution of sodium chloride is combined with a solution of silver nitrate. A white precipitate of silver chloride and a colourless solution of sodium nitrate are produced. Which separation method is used to remove the silver chloride from the mixture?

Separation and purification

A farmer has four different compounds used in fertilisers. Which two compounds are combined to produce an NPK fertiliser?

Fertilisers

Waste vegetables are put into a sealed container containing air and then left for several days. Bacteria break the vegetables down. While this decomposition is taking place, the bacteria respire. What happens to the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane in the air inside the container?

Physical and chemical changes

Which element has an oxide that is used as a food preservative?

Oxides

Which substance releases carbon dioxide when heated?

Physical and chemical changes

Which rows indicate the correct name for the structure shown?

Naming organic compounds

Fuel oil and naphtha are two fractions separated from petroleum. What are the main uses of these fractions?

Fuels

Which statement accounts for why compounds in the same homologous series show similar chemical properties?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

Which molecules can be classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Alkenes

The findings from tests on an organic compound are shown below. appearance: colourless liquid after adding aqueous bromine: no reaction after using a lighted splint: burns after adding litmus: turns red What is the organic compound?

Carboxylic acids

Which word equation shows a reaction involving ethanoic acid?

Carboxylic acids

Which two particles possess identical electronic structures?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

A list of four substances is given. 1 carbohydrate 2 ethanol 3 protein 4 sodium chloride Which of these substances are natural polymers?

Polymers

Which statement concerning an alloy is correct?

Alloys and their properties

Magnesium reacts with oxygen to make magnesium oxide. In this reaction, each magnesium atom ……1…… two ……2…… . Which words should go in gaps 1 and 2?

Ions and ionic bonds

Which row correctly describes the structures and uses of diamond and graphite?

Giant covalent structures

Caffeine is a stimulant present in coffee. Which formula shows caffeine?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

Iron reacts with sulfuric acid to produce iron(II) sulfate. What equation represents this reaction?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases