May/June 2018

The diagrams illustrate particles inside a container. Which two diagrams represent the process of evaporation?

Solids, liquids and gases

Which gas serves as a fuel?

Fuels

The burning of fuels is an exothermic reaction. What does the term exothermic mean?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

The diagram illustrates an experiment on rate of reaction. Raising the concentration of the acid and raising the temperature each influence the rate of reaction. Which row is correct?

Rate of reaction

Water is added to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate. What occurs during the reaction?

Physical and chemical changes

Which equation represents an oxidation reaction?

Redox

When dilute nitric acid is poured onto a solid, F, a gas, G, is given off. This gas is heavier than air and puts out a burning splint. What are F and G?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which statement concerning oxides is correct?

Oxides

Which procedures are appropriate for making both zinc sulfate and copper(II) sulfate?

Preparation of salts

X and Y are two salt solutions that are tested. The results are shown in the table. What are X and Y?

Identification of ions and gases

Which element lies in the same period of the Periodic Table as silicon?

Arrangement of elements

What apparatus is used to measure precisely $26.3\,\text{cm}^3$ of a liquid?

Experimental design

Which of the following statements about the halogens is correct?

Group VII properties

Which row indicates the catalytic activity of transition elements and their compounds?

Transition elements

Which statement about the noble gases is incorrect?

Noble gases

The following statements concern the metals copper, iron, magnesium and zinc. Which of these statements are correct?

Properties of metals

Three metals, X, Y and Z, were each brought into contact with water. Their oxides, made from the same three metals, were then heated strongly with carbon. The observations are shown below. Metal X: reacted vigorously with cold water; metal oxide with carbon: no reaction. Metal Y: did not react with water; metal oxide with carbon: metal and carbon dioxide produced. Metal Z: no reaction seen with cold water but reaction seen with steam; metal oxide with carbon: no reaction. What conclusion about X, Y and Z is correct?

Reactivity series

Inside a blast furnace, iron ore is combined with coke and limestone, then heated in a stream of hot air. Compound R is produced. Compound R then reduces the iron ore to iron. Which equation shows how compound R is formed?

Extraction of metals

Which statement gives the reason aluminium is chosen for making aircraft?

Uses of metals

Dry air is sent over heated copper until every bit of the oxygen has reacted. At the end of the reaction, the gas volume is $120\,\text{cm}^3$. What was the initial volume of dry air?

Air quality and climate

A steel bicycle that had been kept outside for several months was beginning to rust. Which action would not lower the rate at which corrosion occurs?

Corrosion of metals

Which of the following statements about water are correct? 1. Household water has dissolved salts. 2. Water intended for household use is filtered to remove soluble impurities. 3. Chlorine is added to water to kill bacteria. 4. Water is used in industry for cooling.

Water

The melting points and boiling points for the pure substances W, X and Y are given. Melting point / $^\circ\text{C}$: $W = -114$, $X = 115$, $Y = -101$ Boiling point / $^\circ\text{C}$: $W = 78$, $X = 445$, $Y = -34$ The substances are chlorine, ethanol and sulfur. Which row matches W, X and Y?

Solids, liquids and gases

Farmers apply fertilisers to replenish minerals in the soil that are taken up by the crops they cultivate. Which elements in the soil are restored by the use of fertilisers?

Fertilisers

Which statement below is correct?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

Which statement concerning sulfur and its compounds is incorrect?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

What process is used to turn limestone (calcium carbonate) into lime?

Physical and chemical changes

Lime is used to treat an industrial waste. Which change happens during the treatment?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which of the following is not the correct use of the named fraction?

Fuels

The following four organic compounds are given: ethane, ethanoic acid, ethanol and ethene. Which type of bond is present in all four compounds?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

Three early members of a homologous series are shown. Why are these molecules classified as a homologous series?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

What substances are produced when hydrocarbons are cracked?

Alkanes

Which reaction is employed to make ethanol?

Alcohols

In which atom does the number of protons match the number of neutrons?

Isotopes

Polymers are very long-chain molecules formed when small molecules join together. A set of four polymers or polymer types is shown. Which of these polymers or polymer types are synthetic?

Polymers

Which row correctly identifies an alloy, a pure metal and a non-metal?

Alloys and their properties

Covalent molecule Q has six electrons shared in total. What is Q?

Simple molecules and covalent bonds

A pencil’s ‘lead’ consists of a blend of graphite and clay. As the proportion of graphite is raised, the pencil moves over the paper with less resistance. Which statement accounts for this result?

Giant covalent structures

The equation showing the reaction of magnesium with dilute sulfuric acid is given below. The $M_r$ value for $\text{MgSO}_4$ is $120$. $\text{Mg} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{MgSO}_4 + \text{H}_2$ What mass of magnesium sulfate is produced when $12\,\text{g}$ of magnesium reacts completely with dilute sulfuric acid?

The mole and the Avogadro constant

What can be seen at each electrode when molten lead(II) bromide is electrolysed with platinum electrodes?

Electrolysis

When iodine is heated, it changes from a solid into a gas. When liquid ammonia is cooled, it changes into a solid. When ice is heated, it changes into water. Which names are used for these changes of state?

Solids, liquids and gases

Which statement concerning the combustion of fuels is correct?

Fuels

Which of the following statements about chemical reactions is correct?

Physical and chemical changes

The diagram illustrates an experiment on rate of reaction. Raising the concentration of the acid and increasing the temperature both influence the rate of reaction. Which row is correct?

Rate of reaction

Reaction X is used as a test for water. Reaction Y takes place in the blast furnace used to extract iron. Reaction X: $\text{CoCl}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{CoCl}_2\cdot 6\text{H}_2\text{O}$ Reaction Y: $\text{C} + \text{CO}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{CO}$ Reaction X is ......1...... . In reaction Y, the oxide $\text{CO}_2$ is ......2...... . Which words correctly fill gaps 1 and 2?

Redox

Which equation represents an oxidation reaction?

Redox

Which two gases produce the same outcome in the test illustrated?

Identification of ions and gases

Which of the following statements about oxides is correct?

Oxides

Which of these methods can be used to prepare both zinc sulfate and copper(II) sulfate?

Preparation of salts

Two separate tests are carried out on separate solutions of compound X. 1 When aqueous sodium hydroxide is added, a green precipitate is produced and this dissolves in excess aqueous sodium hydroxide. 2 When dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate are added, a white precipitate is formed. What is compound X?

Identification of ions and gases

Which of these statements about the Periodic Table is correct?

Arrangement of elements

Which item of apparatus is not suitable for collecting and measuring the volume of gas produced during an experiment?

Experimental design

Chlorine, bromine and iodine are elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Which of the following statements about these elements is incorrect?

Group VII properties

Which row gives the properties of a transition element?

Transition elements

Which statement concerning the elements in Group VIII is correct?

Noble gases

Stainless steel is an alloy made from iron, carbon and other metals. Which row gives the correct answer?

Alloys and their properties

A student is provided with metal Z and the oxide of metal Z. The student carries out some tests to determine where metal Z belongs in the reactivity series. The observations are as follows. • Metal Z reacted slowly with dilute hydrochloric acid. • Metal Z reacted slowly with steam, but did not react with water. • When heated with carbon, the oxide of metal Z reacted. Which statement about where metal Z is placed in the reactivity series is correct?

Reactivity series

In a blast furnace, iron is made from iron ore. Which equation shows the main reaction occurring in zone 1?

Extraction of metals

Which row gives the use of an alloy and the property that this use relies on?

Alloys and their properties

Dry air is passed across heated copper until the oxygen has completely reacted. The gas volume at the end of the reaction is $120\text{ cm}^3$. What was the initial volume of dry air?

Solids, liquids and gases

A steel bicycle that had been kept outside for several months was beginning to rust. Which action would not lower the rate of corrosion?

Corrosion of metals

Which of the following statements about water are correct?

Water

Pure ethanol melts at $-114\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ and boils at $78\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. What are the melting point and boiling point of a sample of ethanol that has glucose dissolved in it?

Solids, liquids and gases

Ammonium nitrate is a widely used fertiliser that farmers apply to raise crop yield. Which compound reacts with ammonium nitrate so ammonia is produced?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which process is not associated with the emission of a greenhouse gas?

Air quality and climate

Which row gives the uses of sulfur and sulfur dioxide?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

Limestone is used in many industrial processes. For which process is it not used?

Extraction of metals

Lime is used to process industrial waste. What change takes place during the treatment?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which option is not the proper use of the named fraction?

Fuels

The four organic compounds below are given: ethane, ethanoic acid, ethanol and ethene. Which bond is found in each of the four compounds?

Simple molecules and covalent bonds

Which compounds are members of the same homologous series?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

Which substances may be produced when hydrocarbons are cracked?

Alkenes

The equations for two key processes that are used to produce ethanol are shown. Process 1: $\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow 2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} + 2\text{CO}_2$ Process 2: $\text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}$ Which statement is not correct?

Alcohols

Which atom contains the same number of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

A section of the label on a packet containing a potato product is shown. The potato product contains: starch, ethanoic acid, sodium chloride, sugar. Which constituent is a natural polymer?

Polymers

Which statement correctly describes brass?

Alloys and their properties

The bonding pattern between elements X and Y in compound $\text{XY}_2$ is illustrated. $\text{Y} = = \text{X} = = \text{Y}$ Which row gives the bond type in $\text{XY}_2$ and the kind of element X?

Simple molecules and covalent bonds

The ‘lead’ in a pencil is formed from a mixture of graphite and clay. When the proportion of graphite is increased, the pencil moves across the paper more readily. Which statement explains this observation?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

The reaction equation for magnesium with dilute sulfuric acid is given below. $\text{Mg} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{MgSO}_4 + \text{H}_2$ The $M_r$ of $\text{MgSO}_4$ is $120$. What mass of magnesium sulfate is produced when $12\,\text{g}$ of magnesium fully reacts with dilute sulfuric acid?

The mole and the Avogadro constant

The electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide is illustrated below. Which statement explains what occurs at the negative electrode?

Electrolysis

Mineral wool that has been soaked in aqueous ammonia is put into the apparatus illustrated. Five minutes later, the moist red litmus paper changed to blue. Which process caused this colour change?

Diffusion

What is given out when any fuel is burned?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Group I metals react very vigorously with water and give out heat. Which statement about this reaction is correct?

Group I properties

The diagram illustrates a rate of reaction experiment. Raising the acid concentration and raising the temperature each change the rate of reaction. Which row is correct?

Rate of reaction

During a chemical reaction, the blue compound $X$ was converted into the white compound $Y$. $X \rightarrow Y$ Which statement best describes this reaction?

Physical and chemical changes

Which equation represents an oxidation reaction?

Redox

Pieces of damp red litmus paper and damp blue litmus paper are put into three separate gas jars. In which gas jars does at least one piece of litmus paper change colour?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which of these statements about oxides is correct?

Oxides

Which methods are appropriate for making both zinc sulfate and copper(II) sulfate?

Preparation of salts

A white crystalline solid is dissolved in distilled water. A small quantity of dilute nitric acid is then added, followed by aqueous silver nitrate. There is no visible change. What may be inferred about the white crystalline solid?

Identification of ions and gases

Which element is grouped as a non-metal in the Periodic Table?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Solid R was added to dilute sulfuric acid. The starting temperature of the dilute sulfuric acid and the temperature of the resulting solution are given. What was the temperature change in $^{\circ}\text{C}$?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

A section of the Periodic Table is shown. Element Q has a low boiling point, a low density, and does not conduct electricity. Which element is Q?

Arrangement of elements

Which row gives the correct description of a typical transition element?

Transition elements

Helium belongs to the noble gases. Which statement is correct?

Noble gases

Which diagram shows a solid alloy?

Alloys and their properties

Some reactions involving three metals and their oxides are shown. Metal X: reacts with steam - no; metal oxide reacts with carbon - yes. Metal Y: reacts with steam - yes; metal oxide reacts with carbon - no. Metal Z: reacts with steam - yes; metal oxide reacts with carbon - yes. What is the order of reactivity of the metals?

Reactivity series

Which of the following statements about metal extraction is correct?

Extraction of metals

Which statement accounts for why aluminium is used to make aircraft?

Uses of metals

Dry air is led over hot copper until every trace of oxygen has reacted. The gas volume after the reaction is $120\,\text{cm}^3$. What was the initial volume of dry air?

Solids, liquids and gases

A steel bicycle that had been kept outside for several months was beginning to rust. Which of the following would not decrease the corrosion rate?

Corrosion of metals

Which of the following statements about water are correct?

Water

The melting points of four lead(II) bromide samples containing impurities were measured. The findings are shown. Which sample is the purest?

Solids, liquids and gases

Fertilisers are often made up of mixtures of solid compounds. Which compounds could be combined to supply the three elements required for healthy plant growth?

Fertilisers

Carbon dioxide and methane are both greenhouse gases that help to cause climate change. Which statement describes how greenhouse gases contribute to climate change?

Air quality and climate

Element Z produces the oxide, $\text{ZO}_2$. Three uses of $\text{ZO}_2$ are given: a bleaching agent; killing bacteria; the manufacture of an important acid. Which element is Z?

Oxides

Limestone is a useful material with a wide range of uses. When limestone is heated, ........1....... and carbon dioxide are formed. This reaction is known as ........2....... Which words correctly fill gaps 1 and 2?

Physical and chemical changes

Lime is applied to deal with industrial waste. What change takes place during the treatment?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

Which of the following is not a correct use of the fraction named?

Fuels

Four organic compounds are given below. ethane ethanoic acid ethanol ethene Which bond is present in all four compounds?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

The displayed diagrams show the structures of several organic compounds. Which of these compounds are members of the same homologous series?

Formulae, functional groups and terminology

Which substances may be made by cracking hydrocarbons?

Alkenes

Sugars and ethene can each be converted into ethanol by different reactions. Which reaction type is used for each one?

Alcohols

Four particles are represented by symbols. $^{40}_{20}\text{W}\quad ^{41}_{20}\text{X}^{2+}\quad ^{37}_{18}\text{Y}\quad ^{37}_{17}\text{Z}$ The letters do not stand for the chemical symbols. Which particles contain the same number of neutrons?

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Which substances are classified as natural polymers?

Polymers

What name is used for a pure substance consisting of more than one type of atom?

Elements, compounds and mixtures

The diagram illustrates solid element Q undergoing reaction with an acid and giving off gas R. Which row correctly identifies Q and R?

The characteristic properties of acids and bases

The ‘lead’ inside a pencil is a blend of graphite and clay. If the proportion of graphite is raised, the pencil moves over the paper more smoothly. Which statement accounts for this observation?

Giant covalent structures

The equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute sulfuric acid is given below. $\text{Mg} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{MgSO}_4 + \text{H}_2$ The $M_r$ of $\text{MgSO}_4$ equals $120$. What mass of magnesium sulfate is produced when $12\,\text{g}$ of magnesium reacts completely with dilute sulfuric acid?

The mole and the Avogadro constant

Which substance is formed at each electrode when molten rubidium chloride undergoes electrolysis using platinum electrodes?

Electrolysis