Sexual reproduction in plants

What must be present at all times for seeds to germinate?

Feb/March 2016

The diagram illustrates a flower. In which structure do seeds form?

Feb/March 2016

The diagram illustrates a flower. In which structure do seeds develop?

Feb/March 2016

The photograph displays the structures required for reproduction in the flower of a dicotyledon. What part is labelled P?

Feb/March 2017

In plant sexual reproduction, what will produce the widest variation among the offspring?

Feb/March 2017

The diagram illustrates a transverse section of a flower. At which location does fertilisation occur?

Feb/March 2018

What features does a wind-pollinated plant have?

Feb/March 2018

Define what is meant by pollination.

Feb/March 2018

What condition must always be present for seeds to germinate?

Feb/March 2019

What must be present at all times for seeds to germinate?

Feb/March 2019

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Feb/March 2020

The diagram shows a section of a flower. What is the name of the part marked X?

Feb/March 2023

In what sequence do the flower parts need to be traversed by the pollen tube in order to reach the egg cell nucleus during fertilisation?

Feb/March 2023

Complete every part of Fig. 3.1.

Feb/March 2023

At what point in the diagram does fertilisation occur?

Feb/March 2024

Fig. 5.1 shows a section of a monkey flower plant.

Feb/March 2024

During pollination, pollen is transferred from which structure to which structure?

Feb/March 2025

Besides a suitable temperature, what other condition is always needed for seed germination?

Feb/March 2025

Which row gives the description of self-pollination?

Feb/March 2025

The list contains terms used to describe sexual reproduction. Which of these terms is used only to describe sexual reproduction in plants?

Feb/March 2025

The Mexican hat plant shown in Fig. 4.1 is reproducing. Tick (✓) three statements that describe the reproduction shown in Fig. 4.1. Gametes are made. Implantation happens. There is only one parent involved. Pollination takes place before the stage shown in Fig. 4.1. The offspring are genetically identical to one another. This reproduction is asexual.

Feb/March 2025

The diagrams illustrate pollen grains from three different plant species as seen through a microscope. All of the diagrams are drawn to the same scale. Which pollen grains are involved in insect-pollination?

May/June 2016

Under what conditions will seeds germinate most quickly?

May/June 2016

The table sets out the conditions supplied for four groups of seeds. Which of the seeds germinate?

May/June 2016

The figures illustrate pollen grains from three different plant species as they look when viewed through a microscope. All of the figures are drawn to the same scale. Which pollen grains are associated with insect-pollination?

May/June 2016

Under what conditions will seeds germinate most rapidly?

May/June 2016

The diagram depicts a flower. Which processes have occurred?

May/June 2016

Which line correctly states the kind of plant reproduction that depends on pollination?

May/June 2017

The diagram illustrates one half of a flower. Which structure is the stigma?

May/June 2017

The diagram shows one half of a flower. Which part shown is the stigma?

May/June 2017

The diagram depicts half of a flower. Which structure is the stigma?

May/June 2017

What is one characteristic of self-pollination?

May/June 2017

The diagram illustrates a flower ovary. Which process is being shown in the diagram?

May/June 2017

The list contains several terms linked to sexual reproduction in organisms. 1 male gamete 2 female gamete 3 ovule 4 ovary 5 filament 6 fertilisation 7 haploid Which of these terms are used only in sexual reproduction in plants?

May/June 2018

Which two statements are accurate about the process of cross-pollination in plants?

May/June 2018

Fig. 7.1 shows sections through two flowers, K and L, from the same species. On flower L in Fig. 7.1, identify and label an ovule and a petal.

May/June 2018

Complete Table 6.1 by stating the letter from Fig. 6.1 that identifies the organ where each function happens and by naming the organ.

May/June 2018

The diagram illustrates part of an insect-pollinated flower. Which structure is the anther?

May/June 2019

Which environmental conditions need to be in place for germination to occur?

May/June 2019

What is not necessary for germination?

May/June 2019

What is one benefit of self-pollination?

May/June 2019

The boxes on the left show the names of flower parts. The boxes on the right give the functions of those flower parts. Link each left-hand box to one right-hand box by drawing one straight line from each flower part to its function. Draw five lines.

May/June 2019

Describe the function of each of the parts labelled L, N and Q.

May/June 2021

The diagram represents a cross-section of an insect-pollinated flower. Which label indicates the stigma?

May/June 2022

Through which sequence of structures does a pollen tube grow in a flower?

May/June 2022

The diagram depicts a portion of a flower that has undergone cross-pollination. Which of the following statements about this flower are true?

May/June 2022

State the names of the parts marked A, C and E in Fig. 6.1.

May/June 2022

The diagram depicts a wind-pollinated flower. Which labels indicate the stigma and anther?

May/June 2023

What is the name of the process in which a pollen nucleus fuses with the nucleus in an ovule?

May/June 2023

The diagram illustrates the structure of part of a flower. The arrow shows the movement of pollen. Which statement about the arrow is correct?

May/June 2023

Which row shows the changes that occur as a seed germinates?

May/June 2023

Which row gives the description of an insect-pollinated flower?

May/June 2024

The diagram illustrates the carpel of a flower immediately after pollination. What is the name of the structure labelled X?

May/June 2024

The diagram shows a section of a flower. Which processes have occurred?

May/June 2024

A student carefully dissected a fuchsia flower. Fig. 8.1 shows a photograph of the flower's parts.

May/June 2024

The diagram shows apparatus used to investigate seed germination. Which other substances need to be present in the test-tube for the seeds to germinate?

May/June 2025

Four test-tubes are arranged as illustrated and kept in darkness. In which test-tube will the seeds germinate first?

May/June 2025

Which statement correctly describes cross-pollination?

May/June 2025

Which statement concerning pollination is correct?

May/June 2025

Fig. 3.1 depicts one stage in plant reproduction after pollination. The diagram labels pollen grain, stigma, carpel and part X.

May/June 2025

Pollination is the process by which pollen grains are transferred from

Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram shows a flower split into two halves. Which structure accepts pollen grains during pollination?

Oct/Nov 2016

Which environmental factor is not always necessary for seed germination?

Oct/Nov 2017

In a flowering plant, where does fertilisation take place?

Oct/Nov 2017

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Oct/Nov 2017

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Oct/Nov 2017

The diagram depicts half of a flower. Following pollination, in which location would pollen grains be present?

Oct/Nov 2017

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Oct/Nov 2017

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Oct/Nov 2017

The diagram illustrates one half of a flower. Once pollination has taken place, where would pollen grains be located?

Oct/Nov 2017

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Oct/Nov 2017

Fig. 4.1 presents a lily flower.

Oct/Nov 2017

Fig. 2.1 shows a cross-section of a flower.

Oct/Nov 2017

The majority of flowers have both male and female structures.

Oct/Nov 2017

The diagram displays parts of a flower. Which structure is the location where fertilisation occurs?

Oct/Nov 2018

Pollen grains move from the anthers to the stigma, where they stick to the sticky stigma. The statements below show what occurs afterwards. 1. The pollen grain produces a pollen tube. 2. The pollen tube grows down the style. 3. The pollen tube enters the ovule. 4. The male nucleus joins with an egg cell nucleus. What is the correct sequence for these stages?

Oct/Nov 2018

A group of students carried out an investigation into the conditions needed for maize seeds to germinate. They used maize seeds taken from a packet they had bought in a shop. Three dishes were set up, each with cotton wool and the same number of maize seeds, as shown in Fig. 2.1. Table 2.1 gives the conditions in each dish. The seeds were left for five days and then checked. The observations are shown in Table 2.2.

Oct/Nov 2018

To which part of the flower is pollen moved during pollination?

Oct/Nov 2019

What is necessary for the germination of every seed?

Oct/Nov 2019

The diagram shows part of a flower. In which part does fertilisation take place, and where are the ovules and pollen grains located?

Oct/Nov 2019

In two of the Petri dishes, the seeds failed to germinate. Predict which Petri dishes these were in. Give reasons for your answer.

Oct/Nov 2019

Grass plants use wind pollination. Fig. 5.1 shows a flower of one species of grass plant.

Oct/Nov 2019

Which statement gives the correct description of pollination?

Oct/Nov 2021

Which statement gives a structural adaptation of wind-pollinated flowers?

Oct/Nov 2021

Which statement explains a structural adaptation found in wind-pollinated flowers?

Oct/Nov 2021

A scientist studied sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Fig. 2.1 illustrates how two plants of the same species are crossed. The offspring displayed phenotypic variation, yet they had the same chromosome number as the parent plants.

Oct/Nov 2021

The table gives the conditions under which four seed samples were stored. Which sample would germinate?

Oct/Nov 2022

The diagram illustrates a cross-section through a flower. During pollination, which labelled part releases the pollen, and which labelled part takes in the pollen?

Oct/Nov 2022

What is the order of the stages in sexual reproduction in plants?

Oct/Nov 2022

What benefits does sexual reproduction provide when producing crop plants?

Oct/Nov 2022

Fig. 7.1 shows a photomicrograph of pollen from an insect-pollinated plant. Describe two differences between this pollen and the pollen from a wind-pollinated plant.

Oct/Nov 2022

The diagram displays half of a flower. Which structure makes pollen?

Oct/Nov 2023

Pollen grains taken from one plant were put onto the stigma of a flower on the same plant. The lengths of the pollen tubes were measured over four hours. (In this species of plant, the mean length of the style is $2\,\text{mm}$.) This was then repeated with pollen from a different plant. The results are shown. Which statements are correct?

Oct/Nov 2023

Which statement concerning pollination in plants is correct?

Oct/Nov 2023

Fig. 5.1 shows a diagram of a flower pollinated by insects. Its structures are labelled A, B, C, D, E, F and G.

Oct/Nov 2023

Fig. 1.1 shows a flower that is pollinated by insects.

Oct/Nov 2023

The following parts of an insect-pollinated flower are given. 1 anther 2 filament 3 stigma 4 style Which of these parts belong to a carpel?

Oct/Nov 2024

What is always required for seeds to germinate?

Oct/Nov 2024

Which of these statements about sexual reproduction in plants are correct? 1 In wind-pollinated flowers, the anthers are located inside the flower. 2 In insect-pollinated flowers, pollen grains are large and sticky. 3 In insect-pollinated flowers, the stigma is outside the flower.

Oct/Nov 2024

On his farm, a farmer cultivates hot pepper plants and sweet pepper plants in separate fields. Every year, he keeps seed from the pepper plants so that he can produce the following season’s crop of peppers. In one year, he observes that some of the seeds taken from the sweet pepper plants have developed into plants that bear both hot and sweet peppers. What is the most likely explanation?

Oct/Nov 2024