(a(i))[1]
State the name of one primary consumer shown in Fig. 4.1.
(a(ii))[1]
Construct one food chain with four trophic levels that includes the steppe eagle.
(a(iii))[2]
Explain why the population size of organisms falls from one trophic level to the next trophic level in this ecosystem.
(b(i))[3]
Explain the risks to a species of a captive breeding programme that uses such a small number of individuals.
(b(ii))[4]
Suggest ways of maintaining a population of Przewalski’s horse in the wild after their reintroduction to the steppe ecosystem.
(c)[3]
State the names of the processes at X, Y and Z in Fig. 4.3.