(a(i))[2]
Suggest two processes that are unable to happen in the infected leaf but do happen in the uninfected leaf in Fig. 3.1.
(a(ii))[2]
State two types of pathogen.
(a(iii))[2]
Suggest two ways pathogens are transmitted from one tree to another.
(b)[3]
Describe causes of deforestation other than pathogens.
(c)[3]
Fig. 3.2 shows how much rainforest was cleared from 2004 to 2022 in one country. Describe the pattern shown in Fig. 3.2.
(d(i))[2]
Describe what is meant by biodiversity.
(d(ii))[3]
Describe undesirable effects of deforestation, apart from reducing biodiversity.