(a)[4]
Describe and explain two ways in which a pathogen may be passed from one host to another.
(b(i))[2]
Outline two natural body defences that stop pathogens entering the body.
(b(ii))[2]
Describe two hygienic food preparation practices that can prevent the spread of diseases caused by pathogens.
(b(iii))[1]
State one other method developed by humans to prevent the spread of diseases caused by pathogens.