Bacteria are prokaryotes. State two features that all prokaryotes have in common.
The bacteria shown in Fig. 2.1 each have a flagellum. Suggest the function of the flagellum in bacteria.
Explain how vaccination can reduce the spread of diseases.
Calculate the difference in flow of chloride ions between the cells with the toxin and the cells without the toxin at 50 seconds. Show your working and state the units in your answer.
Use the data in Fig. 2.2 to describe the effect of the toxin on the flow of chloride ions out of the cells.
Chloride ions cannot leave cells by simple diffusion. Suggest and describe how chloride ions could move out of cells.
State which organ in the alimentary canal is affected by the cholera toxin.
Describe the treatment for cholera.